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Hall VI · The Reading Room

Test every word

“Prove all things; hold fast that which is good.”1 Thessalonians 5:21, KJV

Every citation in the museum is listed here in one place: the histories behind each Timeline entry, the licence behind each plate, the Scripture behind each exhibit, and the references behind the Catalogue and our statement of belief. Nothing here is typed in separately; it is read from the same records the halls display.

I · For the Timeline & Gallery

Histories & reference works

Each work below stands behind one or more dated entries or gallery exhibits. The notes name the scholarship the work itself relies on, where it gives one.

  1. 200.colgate.edu

    Colgate at 200 Years, J. Leach, “What’s in a Name? Colgate’s Origins and Evolution,” citing H. D. Williams, A History of Colgate University 1819–1969 (1969): Hascall, 24 Sept 1817 meeting, 5 Mar 1819, 1839, 1846, 26 May 1890, 1928. Colgate University, History page (“13 dollars and 13 prayers”); Docter, “Jonathan Wade and Eugenio Kincaid” (Wade).

    Cited for: 24 Sept 1817 · 5 Mar 1819 · 1846 · 26 May 1890 — Thirteen men at Hamilton: the Baptist Education Society that became Colgate

  2. abhsarchives.org

    American Baptist Historical Society, “National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc Organized in Atlanta” (2019). The three predecessor conventions with their dates, the 1915 and 1961 divisions and membership per Encyclopaedia Britannica, “National Baptist Convention of the United States of America, Inc.” The alternative date of 24 September per Wikipedia, “National Baptist Convention, USA.”

    Cited for: September 1895 — The National Baptist Convention is formed at Atlanta

  3. about.web.baylor.edu

    Baylor University, Founders & Founders Day (charter 1 Feb 1845, Anson Jones, founders, 2020 slaveholding finding); Texas State Historical Association Handbook of Texas, “Baylor University” (Union Baptist Association education society, Independence 1846, merger 1886).

    Cited for: 1 February 1845 · 1846 · 1886 — Baylor University Chartered in the Republic of Texas

  4. abwe.org

    Form of Agreement (Serampore, 7 Oct 1805), full text at abwe.org (modified from the digital copy of George Smith, The Life of William Carey, 1885, appendix; reprinted 1874); title, date, art. 1 and art. 10 quoted and matched; cross-checked against reformedbaptistnetwork.com/william-carey-serampore-form-of-agreement/; KJV Matt 16:26 (bible-api.com).

    Cited for: 7 October 1805 — The Serampore Form of Agreement: prayer at the root

  5. archive.org

    Robert B. Semple, A History of the Rise and Progress of the Baptists in Virginia (1810; PD), biography of Samuel Harriss, pp. 377–381, archive.org full text (OCR long-s resolved by hand; birth day OCR “T2th” read as 12th). Semple gives the baptism as “probably” 1758 and the 1759 and 1769 ordinations as stated. Wyley/Culpeper passage also in the General History (pp. 6–8). KJV: Phil 3:8.

    Cited for: 12 Jan 1724 · c. 1758 · January 1765 · 1769 — Samuel Harris of Pittsylvania, “the Virginia apostle,” 1765

  6. archive.org

    F. Mason, The Karen Apostle (Boston, 1843; PD), Internet Archive full text (Judson, Boardman’s journal and Mason quoted). Christian History Institute, “He couldn’t write, but Tha Byu could win souls” (debt; delayed baptism; three visitors; death at Sandoway). Wikipedia, “Tha Byu” (1,270 baptised) and “George Boardman (missionary)” (Tavoy, April 1828). No plate: the engraving offered online as his portrait is captioned “Ko Thah-a”, another convert. 1 Cor 1:27 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 16 May 1828 — Ko Thah-byu: the first Karen believer baptised at Tavoy

  7. archive.org

    An Enquiry into the Causes of Declension in Religion, with the Means of Revival; being the Circular Letter from the Ministers and Messengers of the Baptist Association, assembled at Oakham, May 17, 18, 1785 (8 pp.; British Museum copy, Internet Archive; public domain): pp. 1–2 and the minutes on p. 8, read as page images. Spelling modernised (long s). KJV: Isa 45:19; Eph 6:18.

    Cited for: 17–18 May 1785 — The Prayer Call kept: “resolved, without any hesitation, to continue”

  8. archive.org

    [S. Medley jr], Memoirs of the late Rev. Samuel Medley (1800), Internet Archive (ſ modernised; quotes script-matched); DNB (1894), Medley, Samuel (1738–1799). Left out: his naval service. 1 Tim 1:13 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1760 · 1768 · 1772 — Samuel Medley comes to Liverpool

  9. archive.org

    The Nature and Importance of Family and Closet Religion, considered in a Circular Letter from the Baptist Ministers and Messengers, assembled at Leicester, May 29, 30, and 31, 1787 (8 pp.; British Museum copy, Internet Archive; public domain): title page, letter, footnote and the minutes (p. 8), read as page images. Spelling modernised (long s). KJV: Matt 6:6; Eph 6:18.

    Cited for: 29–31 May 1787 — The Prayer Call continued, and prayer brought home: “praying always, with all prayer”

  10. archive.org

    The Nature, Evidences, and Advantages, of Humility, represented in a Circular Letter from the Ministers and Messengers of the Baptist Association, assembled at Nottingham, June 2, 3, 1784 (12 pp., 1784; British Museum copy, Internet Archive; public domain): letter p. 2, minutes p. 11, postscript p. 12, read as page images. Spelling modernised (long s). KJV: Eph 6:18; Ezek 36:37.

    Cited for: 2–3 June 1784 — The Prayer Call of 1784: “the first Monday in every calendar month”

  11. archive.org

    The Complete Works of Rev. Andrew Fuller, vol. I (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1845), Sermons and Sketches, Sermon V, pp. 160–174, “[Preached before the Baptist Association at St. Albans, June 1, 1796.]” (Internet Archive; public domain), checked against the London edition of 1846, which titles it “…of a Deep and Intimate Knowledge of Divine Truth”. KJV: Eph 6:14.

    Cited for: 1 June 1796 — Andrew Fuller at St Albans: truth as “a girdle to our loins”

  12. archive.org

    The Complete Works of Rev. Andrew Fuller, vol. III (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1845), pp. 308–317, “Circular Letters … 1782. The Excellency and Utility of the Grace of Hope” (Princeton Theological Seminary copy, Internet Archive; public domain), checked against the Baptist History Homepage transcription. KJV: 1 Thess 5:8.

    Cited for: 1782 — Andrew Fuller on the grace of hope: “This proves a helmet in your spiritual warfare”; 1799 — Andrew Fuller on a lively faith: “we with the sword of the Spirit”

  13. archive.org

    E. B. Underhill (ed.), Confessions of Faith (Hanserd Knollys Society, 1854), pp. xi–xii, 109–119 (title page, Arts. 3, 11, 23, 24; archive.org confessionsfaith00undeuoft, text matched). Authorship/editions: S. R. Holmes, note on the 1660 Standard Confession, St Andrews Research Portal; Wikipedia, “General Baptists.” KJV 1 Tim 2:6, Heb 2:9, 2 Tim 3:15–17, Acts 24:14.

    Cited for: March 1660 — The General Baptist “Brief Confession”: an open answer to slander, in the Word’s own words

  14. archive.org

    E. B. Underhill (ed.), The Records of a Church of Christ, Meeting in Broadmead, Bristol, 1640–1687 (Hanserd Knollys Society, 1847), pp. 16–18, quoted from the Internet Archive text of the Cornell copy; Wikipedia, “Dorothy Hazzard” and “Broadmead Baptist Church”. The Records name the fourth man as “Goodman Cole”; Wikipedia gives “Mr. Poole”. See the Timeline entry for 1640.

    Cited for: 1640–1687 (printed London, 1847) — The Broadmead Records: a church’s own account of how it began (The Gallery)

  15. archive.org

    Ernest B. Gordon, Adoniram Judson Gordon: A Biography (Fleming H. Revell, 1896; PD), chs. III and XX, archive.org full text (OCR “i86g” read as 1869 and “bibhcal” as biblical; line-end hyphens joined). School opening date and enrolment: Gordon College, “History,” https://www.gordon.edu/history. KJV: Matt 9:38. Gordon’s citation of Matthew 9:38 is not claimed; the verse is the museum’s thematic pairing.

    Cited for: 19 Apr 1836 · Dec 1869 · 1889 · 2 Feb 1895 — A. J. Gordon of Clarendon Street, Boston, and the Missionary Training School, 1889

  16. archive.org

    Rufus Babcock, ed., Forty Years of Pioneer Life: Memoir of John Mason Peck, D.D. (Philadelphia, 1864; PD), archive.org full text. Quotations verbatim (OCR line-end hyphens joined). KJV: Acts 18:26.

    Cited for: 31 Oct 1789 · April 1822 · 1 Nov 1827 — John Mason Peck and the Rock Spring Seminary, Illinois, 1827

  17. archive.org

    N. E. Wood, The History of the First Baptist Church of Boston (1665–1899) (American Baptist Publication Society, 1899; PD), read from the page images: p. 56 (first church-book entry), pp. 139–141 (the 1680 account and the Council’s order, transcribed from the church records), with pp. 29–30, 55, 64, 78–79 and 122 for the narrative. Superscript letters in the 17th-century spelling are printed on the line here (e.g. “yt”, “orde”). The Maine link per Wikipedia, “First Baptist Church (Boston)”.

    Cited for: 28 May 1665 (O.S.) · 1668 · 8 March 1680 — Thomas Goold and the First Baptist Church of Boston: “by his word & Spirit”

  18. archive.org

    Dagg, Manual of Theology (APS, 1871 printing; archive.org/details/manualoftheology00dagg): title page, Preface; Wikipedia “John L. Dagg” (1857/1858 works, first-systematic-theology claim); New Georgia Encyclopedia (Mercer 1844–56); baptisthistoryhomepage.com/dagg.j.l.bio.html; KJV 1 Tim 6:3.

    Cited for: 1844 · 1857 · 1858 · 11 June 1884 — John L. Dagg and the Manual of Theology

  19. archive.org

    [J. Fawcett jr], An Account of the Life, Ministry, and Writings of the late Rev. John Fawcett, D.D. (1818), pp. 110–11, 173–74, 251–52, and Fawcett, Hymns (1782), Hymn CIV (both Internet Archive; ſ modernised); DNB (1889); Hymnology Archive (Fenner 2018). Not claimed: the “loaded wagons” tale. Ps 133:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1764 · 1772 · 1782 — John Fawcett of Wainsgate and “Blest be the tie that binds”

  20. archive.org

    E. C. Judson, Memoir of Sarah B. Judson (NY, ©1848), Internet Archive, incl. A. Judson’s obituary notice (dates; quotes script-matched; 1849 copy cross-checked). Cross-check: The Alabama Baptist (2020); Wikipedia. Judson gives 10 Apr 1834 for the marriage; others give 4 Apr or 10 Jun, so only the month is shown. No portrait exists. Phil 1:23 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1831 · 1834 · 1845 — Sarah Boardman Judson: the widow who stayed

  21. archive.org

    C. H. Spurgeon’s Autobiography, vol. 1 (London: Passmore & Alabaster, 1897–1900; PD), ch. XI, all quotations verbatim; Wikipedia, “Charles Spurgeon” (6 Jan 1850 date; Artillery Street; Newmarket 4 Apr). KJV: Isaiah 45:22.

    Cited for: 6 January · 3 May 1850 — “Look unto Me”: The Conversion and Baptism of the Boy Spurgeon, 1850

  22. archive.org

    F. Mason, The Story of a Working Man’s Life (NY, 1870), ch. “Translation of the Karen Bible”, pp. 295–300, Internet Archive (quotes script-matched; second IA copy cross-checked). Cross-check: G. W. Hervey, The Story of Baptist Missions (1884), ch. XXXV; Wikipedia, “S’gaw Karen language” (Wade’s script). A Pwo Bible in 1853 is not claimed: the 1854 Board report says only a portion was yet written. Ps 119:130 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1837 · 1843 · 1853 — Francis Mason and the Sgaw Karen Bible

  23. art.thewalters.org

    Walters Art Museum, W.539, “T’oros Roslin Gospels” (1262, Hromkla; for the priest T’oros, nephew of Catholicos Constantine I; 1 of 7 signed MSS, most sumptuous, 15 miniatures + 67 smaller; narrative cycle; colophon fol. 406v; model for 17th-c. scribes; provenance: Sebastia 1604–c. 1914, “may have been removed … during World War I and the Armenian Genocide”, Kelekian, Henry Walters c. 1929, gift 1935). Matt 17:5 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1262 — The T’oros Roslin Gospels: the Armenian Gospels at their most splendid

  24. artgallery.yale.edu

    Yale University Art Gallery, “Scutum (Shield),” collection record (Yale-French Excavations at Dura-Europos).

    Cited for: mid-3rd century AD — The Dura-Europos scutum (The Gallery)

  25. baptist.org.uk

    Baptist Union of Great Britain / Baptist Times, “300 year anniversary” (baptist.org.uk/Articles/513138); Stephen Copson, review of Tim Grass, Money, Mission and Ministry, Baptist Times, 5 Jan 2018 (baptist.org.uk/Articles/505742); Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society (1916–17), noting 1717 and the General Baptist Fund nine years later; KJV 1 Tim 5:17, Gal 6:6.

    Cited for: 1717 — The Particular Baptist Fund: London churches share the burden of their ministers

  26. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    Charleston Baptist Association, Circular Letter 1797, by Rev. Dr. Richard Furman, from the Association Minutes, via Wood Furman, A History of the Charleston Association of Baptist Churches (PD); text at baptisthistoryhomepage.com. All quotations verbatim (original spelling kept). KJV: 2 Timothy 2:15.

    Cited for: 1797 — Richard Furman on training the ministry, Charleston Association, 1797

  27. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    W. B. Sprague, ed., Annals of the American Pulpit, vol. VI (1860; PD), Thomas Baldwin notice by Daniel Chessman, pp. 208–215 (transcription at baptisthistoryhomepage.com). Quotations verbatim. KJV: 2 Corinthians 4:7.

    Cited for: 4 July 1790 · 11 November 1790 — Thomas Baldwin and the Second Church in Boston, 1790

  28. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    J. Rippon, “Towards a History of the Bristol Baptist College” (anniversary sermon, 1795), repr. The Baptist Memorial and Monthly Chronicle (New York, Oct. 1843), baptisthistoryhomepage.com. Public domain. Broadmead as Bristol’s first dissenting church per Wikipedia, “Broadmead Baptist Church.” “Oldest Baptist college in the world” per Bristol Baptist College, bristol-baptist.ac.uk.

    Cited for: 1720 — The Bristol Academy, the oldest Baptist college, opens

  29. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    E. B. Underhill (ed.), Confessions of Faith (Hanserd Knollys Society, 1854), pp. xi, 63–64, 73–74, 83, 106, read on the Internet Archive page images (confessionsfaith00undeuoft); see the Reading Room. Also: Baptist History Homepage, Somerset Association page; reformedreader.org “Somerset Confession of 1656” intro (Bridgwater, 5–6 Sept 1656; Collier); A. J. Westlake, Baptist Quarterly 13:3; KJV Isa 8:20, Eph 4:3.

    Cited for: 1656 — The Somerset Confession: the West Country churches speak for themselves

  30. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    James M. Pendleton, review of The Life and Writings of Rev. Andrew Broaddus, Christian Repository (1852; PD), quoting the memoir by Dr. Jeter (baptisthistoryhomepage.com). Quotations verbatim. KJV: Revelation 2:10.

    Cited for: 28 May 1789 · 16 October 1791 · 1 December 1848 — Andrew Broaddus of Virginia, 1770–1848

  31. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    W. Cathcart, ed., The Baptist Encyclopedia (1881), “John Albert Broadus” (birth, A.M. 1850, Charlottesville, 1859 professorship, 1870 book; baptisthistoryhomepage.com); The Americana (1918) (textbook, Matthew 1886, d. 16 Mar 1895; baptisthistoryhomepage.com/broadus.john.a.americana.html); SBTS Southern Project page (sbts.edu/southern-project/), Mohler letter on the founding faculty; KJV 2 Tim 4:2, 1 Cor 1:21.

    Cited for: 1859 · 1870 · 1895 — John A. Broadus: a teacher of preachers

  32. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    William Crane, "Lott Cary", in William B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, vol. VI (Baptists), 1860 (PD), pp. 578–583 (baptisthistoryhomepage.com). Quotations verbatim. KJV: John 3:16.

    Cited for: 1807 · 1813 · January 1821 · 1822 · 10 November 1828 — Lott Cary: from a Richmond Warehouse to the Mission in Africa, 1807–1828

  33. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    Thomas Armitage, "The Baptists of Connecticut" (History of the Baptists; PD), baptisthistoryhomepage.com; William Cathcart, ed., The Baptist Encyclopedia (1881; PD), "The Baptists of Connecticut", pp. 268–269 (baptisthistoryhomepage.com/connecticut.baptists.tbe.html). Quotations verbatim (Cathcart spells the name "Weightman"). KJV: Acts 5:29.

    Cited for: 1704 · 1705 — Valentine Wightman and the First Baptist Church of Groton, Connecticut, 1705

  34. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    Memoir of the Late Benjamin Francis, The Baptist Magazine (1818), from Ryland’s 1799 narrative (public domain); Dictionary of Welsh Biography, “Francis, Benjamin (1734–1799)” (biography.wales/article/s-FRAN-BEN-1734); KJV Acts 20:32, Ps 23:4.

    Cited for: 1734 · Oct. 1758 · 14 Dec. 1799 — Benjamin Francis of Horsley: a village pastor who would not leave his people

  35. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    J. H. Campbell, Georgia Baptists: Historical and Biographical (1874; PD), pp. 184–193, "Henry Holcombe, D. D." (baptisthistoryhomepage.com). All quotations verbatim. Dates are Campbell's; church constitution date (26 Nov 1800) as he gives it. KJV: Isaiah 60:22.

    Cited for: 1762 · 26 Nov 1800 · 1801 · 1812 · 22 May 1824 — Henry Holcombe and the First Baptist Church of Savannah, 1800

  36. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    William Cathcart, ed., The Baptist Encyclopedia (Philadelphia, 1881; PD), p. 551, R. B. C. Howell entry (transcription at baptisthistoryhomepage.com). Quotations verbatim. KJV: 1 Timothy 3:13.

    Cited for: 1827 · 1834 · 1846 · 1868 — R. B. C. Howell, Nashville and The Deaconship, 1827–1868

  37. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    baptisthistoryhomepage.com/kinghorn.joseph.html (Bristol Academy, Norwich 1789/1790, Hebrew studies, Hall controversy from 1816); Wikipedia “Joseph Kinghorn” (dates, 1816/1820/1827 works, 1824 Clavis ed.); Princeton commons record of the 1820 Defence; KJV Acts 2:41.

    Cited for: 1789 · 1790 · 1816 · 1820 · 1 September 1832 — Joseph Kinghorn of Norwich and “Baptism a Term of Communion”

  38. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    William Cathcart, ed., The Baptist Encyclopedia (Philadelphia, 1881; PD), p. 785, Thomas Meredith entry (transcription at baptisthistoryhomepage.com). Quotations verbatim. KJV: Habakkuk 2:2.

    Cited for: 1832 · 1834 · 1851 — Thomas Meredith and the Biblical Recorder, 1832–1834

  39. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    George J. Dowell, "Some North Carolina Baptist History" (1888; PD), baptisthistoryhomepage.com. Quotations verbatim (the source prints "Kehhukee" once, and the 1804 sentence is paraphrased in part). KJV: Acts 2:41.

    Cited for: 1765 · 1801–1804 — The Kehukee Association of North Carolina, 1765

  40. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    The Philadelphia Confession as printed in W. Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopedia (Baptist History Homepage): “Adopted by the Philadelphia Baptist Association September 25, 1742”; Art. I verbatim. Tacit endorsement, two added articles and later adoption: Wikipedia, “Confession of Faith (1689)”. Meeting of 25 Sept 1742: Gillette, Minutes of the Philadelphia Baptist Association (1851). Text public domain.

    Cited for: 25 September 1742 — The Philadelphia Confession of Faith

  41. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    Minutes of the Philadelphia Baptist Association, 1707–1807, ed. A. D. Gillette (1851; public domain), year 1707, quoting the records of the Pennepek church (Baptist History Homepage). “First permanent Baptist association in America”: Wikipedia, “Triennial Convention”.

    Cited for: 1707 — The Philadelphia Baptist Association is formed

  42. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    W. B. Sprague, ed., Annals of the American Pulpit (1860; PD), Hezekiah Smith notice, pp. 97–103 (transcription at baptisthistoryhomepage.com); H. C. Vedder, A Short History of the Baptists (1907; PD), ch. XX (reformedreader.org). Quotations verbatim. KJV: John 12:24.

    Cited for: 9 May 1765 · 12 November 1766 — Hezekiah Smith and the Church at Haverhill, 1765

  43. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    R. A. Baker, ed., A Baptist Source Book (1966), pp. 142–146, printing the queries from the Tennessee Baptist (1851) and J. R. Graves, Old Landmarkism: What Is It? (Memphis, 1880). Pendleton’s tract, the question of departure (J. L. Garrett, Baptist Theology, 2009), the 1859 convention and present-day bodies per Wikipedia, “Landmarkism.”

    Cited for: 24 June 1851 — The Cotton Grove Resolutions and the rise of Landmarkism

  44. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    George W. Ranck, "The Travelling Church" (Louisville: Press of the Baptist Book Concern, 1891; PD), baptisthistoryhomepage.com. Quotations verbatim (square brackets alter only the case of an initial letter; ellipsis marks an omitted clause). Ranck wrote a century later and works from traditions, family records and Semple and Ford; he notes the surviving record is incomplete. KJV: Hebrews 11:8.

    Cited for: September–December 1781 — The Travelling Church: Lewis Craig leads a Virginia congregation to Kentucky, 1781

  45. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    J. H. Spencer, A History of Kentucky Baptists, vol. I (1885; PD), pp. 232–240, "Jeremiah Vardeman" (baptisthistoryhomepage.com). Quotations verbatim; the baptism estimate is Peck's, as reported by Spencer. KJV: Malachi 4:2.

    Cited for: 8 July 1775 · 1810 · 1830 · 1834 · 28 May 1842 — Jeremiah Vardeman, Kentucky Evangelist, 1775–1842

  46. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    William Cathcart, ed., The Baptist Encyclopedia (1881; PD), pp. 433–434, "John Gano" (baptisthistoryhomepage.com). Quotations verbatim. KJV: Matthew 3:16.

    Cited for: 29 May 1754 · June 1762 · May 1788 · 1804 — John Gano and the First Baptist Church of New York, 1762

  47. baptisthistoryhomepage.com

    William Cathcart, ed., The Baptist Encyclopedia (1881; PD), pp. 779–781, "Jesse Mercer, D.D." (baptisthistoryhomepage.com). Quotations verbatim. KJV: Proverbs 11:24–25.

    Cited for: 7 November 1789 · 5 May 1815 · 1833 · 6 September 1841 — Jesse Mercer of Georgia, 1789–1841

  48. baptistnews.com

    Associated Baptist Press, “Midwestern wins bidding war for Spurgeon book collection,” Baptist News Global, 19 Oct 2006 (1905 purchase; £500; S.S. Cuban; $400,000; 5,103 volumes); The Spurgeon Center, “Digital Tour,” spurgeon.org/library/digital-tour (c. 12,000 volumes in 1892 and their dispersal; 1906 arrival; basement; 2006 purchase; dedicated 2015); Wikipedia, “William Jewell College” (founded 1849; $10,000 endowment; 2003 separation).

    Cited for: 1905 · 1906 · 2006 · 2015 — Spurgeon’s own books cross the Atlantic to a Missouri Baptist college

  49. baptistworld.org

    Baptist World Alliance, “History” (baptistworld.org), quoting the 1905 constitution’s preamble.

    Cited for: 11 July 1905 — The Baptist World Alliance is formed in London

  50. bfm.sbc.net

    Southern Baptist Convention, “Comparison Chart — The Baptist Faith and Message” (full 1925 report and articles). Adoption at the 1925 Memphis session per Report of a Committee on Baptist Faith and Message (Baptist Sunday School Board, 1925), Boyce Digital Repository, SBTS, hdl.handle.net/10392/5380. Background (no confession 1845–1925; later revisions) per Wikipedia, “Baptist Faith and Message” (citing W. H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of the Baptists, 2009, p. 62). 1925 text public domain.

    Cited for: 1925 — The Baptist Faith and Message is adopted at Memphis

  51. biblehub.com

    P. Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, vol. 3: The Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant Churches (1877), “The New Hampshire Baptist Confession, A.D. 1833” (text from the Baptist Church Manual, American Baptist Publication Society), via Bible Hub. See also Wikipedia, “New Hampshire Confession of Faith.” Text public domain.

    Cited for: 1833 — The New Hampshire Confession of Faith

  52. biblia.com

    F. H. A. Scrivener, The Cambridge Paragraph Bible (1873, PD), Introduction §I (King’s Printers only until 1629; Buck 1629, Buck & Daniel 1638; scope of the revision; Sterne’s note naming the 1638 editors; “their corrections command our assent…”). Wikipedia, “King James Version” (~1,500 misprints; over 200 revisions; Parris 1760 and Blayney 1769 kept most). Prov 30:5 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1629 · 1638 — The Cambridge folios of 1629 and 1638: the King James text set in order

  53. biblicalstudies.org.uk

    J. C. Whitebrook, “The Life and Works of Mrs. Ann Dutton”, Trans. Baptist Hist. Soc. 7 (1920–21) 129–46 (used for dates and documents only; its scornful tone is not repeated); M. Haykin, Evangelical Times 2001 (edintone.com/baptists/anne-dutton/); Wikipedia “Anne Dutton”. Sources differ on her first husband and on the Gransden year (1731/1732). No plate. Job 5:26 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1732 · 1743 · 18 November 1765 — Anne Dutton of Great Gransden: a Baptist woman writes of the wonders of grace

  54. biographi.ca

    Dictionary of Canadian Biography, “Crawley, Edmund Albern” (June 1828 resolutions for Horton Academy; Baptist Education Society; Queen’s College operating by early 1839, renamed Acadia College 1841); Wikipedia, “Acadia University” (1838 founding by the Society; first degrees 1843; university 1891) and “Horton Academy” (began operating 1829).

    Cited for: 1828 · 1838 · 1841 · 1891 — Queen’s College: Nova Scotia Baptists found the school that became Acadia University

  55. biographi.ca

    J. W. St G. Walker, “GEORGE, DAVID,” Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5 (University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1983), citing George’s own “Account of the life of Mr. David George … given by himself,” Baptist Annual Register 1 (1790–93): 473–84.

    Cited for: June 1783 · January 1792 — David George: from Silver Bluff to Shelburne and Freetown

  56. biography.wales

    Dictionary of Welsh Biography, “Edwards, Morgan (1722–1795), Baptist minister and historian” (birth, education, Philadelphia 1761–71, 1770 Materials, Rhode Island College fundraising, death, assessment quoted); Walter B. Shurden, essay on Materials Towards a History of the Baptists (Baptist History Homepage: only the 1770 and 1792 volumes published; “greatest service” quoted); KJV Ps 78:4 (bible-api.com, quoted in part).

    Cited for: 9 May 1722 · 1761 · 1770 · 25 Jan 1795 — Morgan Edwards: gathering the memory of the Baptists

  57. biography.wales

    J. T. Jones, “EVANS, CHRISTMAS (1766–1838), Baptist minister,” Dictionary of Welsh Biography (National Library of Wales, 1959), citing W. Morgan, Cofiant (1839) and D. Rhys Stephen, Memoirs of the late Christmas Evans (1847).

    Cited for: Christmas Day 1791 — Christmas Evans rides to Anglesey

  58. bridwell.omeka.net

    Bridwell Library, Southern Methodist University, “The First Published New Testament in Greek”; influence per Wikipedia, “Novum Instrumentum omne.”

    Cited for: March 1516 — Erasmus publishes the New Testament in Greek

  59. britannica.com

    Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Adoniram Judson.” Calcutta baptism (6 Sept 1812, by William Ward) per Southern Baptist Historical Library & Archives.

    Cited for: 1812 · 1834 — Adoniram and Ann Judson: to Burma, and the Bible in Burmese

  60. britannica.com

    Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Johann Gerhardt Oncken” (from the article “Baptist”). Date, persecution and figures per Wikipedia, “Johann Gerhard Oncken” (citing W. H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of the Baptists, 2009; J. H. Cooke, J. G. Oncken, 1908).

    Cited for: 22 April 1834 — J. G. Oncken is baptized in the Elbe: Baptist witness comes to continental Europe

  61. britannica.com

    Encyclopaedia Britannica, “John Rogers.” Contents and later influence also per Wikipedia, “Matthew Bible” (citing A. S. Herbert, Historical Catalogue of Printed Editions of the English Bible, 1968).

    Cited for: 1537 — The Matthew Bible: Tyndale’s work completed and carried home

  62. britannica.com

    Encyclopaedia Britannica, “John Smyth”; date (January 1609) per Wikipedia, “Thomas Helwys.”

    Cited for: 1609 — Believer’s baptism among the English exiles in Amsterdam

  63. britannica.com

    Britannica, “William Tyndale” (date, Vilvoorde, Pentateuch 1530, KJV influence). Wikipedia, “William Tyndale” (Henry Phillips, Antwerp, the date question, Daniell) and “Great Bible” (Matthew Bible licensed). Westminster Abbey, “William Tyndale” (October 1536, Vilvorde). Foxe, Acts and Monuments (1583), Bk 8 p. 1079, original spelling as transcribed by The Acts and Monuments Online (via Wikiquote, “John Foxe”). KJV: Psalm 119:18.

    Cited for: 1535 · October 1536 — William Tyndale Is Martyred at Vilvoorde: “Lord open the King of Englands eyes”

  64. britannica.com

    Britannica, “Mississippi College” (1826 Hampstead Academy; 1827; 1830; Clinton; SBC affiliation; second oldest Baptist college); Wikipedia, “Mississippi College” (charter 24 Jan 1826; Baptist Convention since 1850; 1831 degrees; 2026 name change); Mississippi Baptist Historical Commission marker via HMdb no. 105973 (oldest in Mississippi; 1942 and 1980 mergers; six SBC presidents).

    Cited for: 24 Jan 1826 · 1830 · 1850 — Hampstead Academy becomes Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi

  65. britannica.com

    Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Bishops’ Bible” (drawing on “Biblical literature: The Bishops’ Bible”). Its use as the KJV base text is also stated in Wikipedia, “Bishops’ Bible.”

    Cited for: 1568 — The Bishops’ Bible: the revision behind the King James Version

  66. britannica.com

    Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Geneva Bible.”

    Cited for: 1557 · 1560 — The Geneva Bible: the first English Bible with numbered verses

  67. britishmuseum.org

    The British Museum, collection object 1866,0806.1 (sword; sword-sheath); details also per Wikipedia, “Mainz Gladius.”

    Cited for: early 1st century AD — The Sword of Tiberius (The Gallery)

  68. brocku.ca

    T. W. Goodspeed, The Story of the University of Chicago (1925), chapter text at the Mead Project, Brock University (Education Society’s aim; Rockefeller’s September 1890 gift); Wikipedia, “University of Chicago” (1890 incorporation by the ABES; Harper president 1 July 1891; classes 1 October 1892; the 1857 Old University of Chicago).

    Cited for: 1890 · 1892 — The University of Chicago: a Baptist education society founds a university

  69. bu.edu

    Boston University School of Theology, History of Missiology: Brian Stanley, “Fuller, Andrew,” Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions (1998), with an essay by Travis Myers.

    Cited for: 1785 — Andrew Fuller publishes The Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation

  70. bu.edu

    D. L. Robert, “Judson, Ann (‘Nancy’) (Hasseltine),” in G. H. Anderson, ed., Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions (1998), 346, reprinted by the BU School of Theology History of Missiology. Birth, Bradford Academy, the seventeen months and the date of death per Wikipedia, “Ann Hasseltine Judson.” Sources differ on the cause of her death, so none is given.

    Cited for: 1819 · 1823 · 1826 — Ann Hasseltine Judson: the first Scripture in Siamese

  71. bu.edu

    Alan Neely, “Shuck, J(ehu) Lewis and Henrietta (Hall),” Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions (Macmillan, 1998), p. 619, reprinted at Boston University’s History of Missiology. Quotations verbatim; c. 1843 is inferred from “a year later”. The husband’s birth year is printed inconsistently (1812/1814), so none is given. KJV: Isaiah 6:8.

    Cited for: 1835 · 1836 · c. 1843 · 1855 — J. Lewis and Henrietta Shuck: the first American Baptist missionaries to China, 1835–1836

  72. bu.edu

    J. R. Duffy, “Webb, Mary,” in G. H. Anderson, ed., Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions (1998), 720, reprinted by the BU School of Theology History of Missiology. The date 9 November 1800 and the later women’s societies are from the American Baptist Historical Society, “First Women’s Missionary Society Formed” (2018). The Cent Societies are from summaries of Vail, Mary Webb and the Mother Society (1914), which were not read in full, so no dates are given for them.

    Cited for: 9 November 1800 — Mary Webb and the Boston Female Society for Missionary Purposes

  73. bucknell.edu

    Bucknell University, “Celebrating 175 Years” (5 Feb 1846 charter, Gov. Shunk, quoted wording, first Baptist college in Pennsylvania, Taylor, William Bucknell); Wikipedia, “Bucknell University” (White Deer Valley Baptists, quoted wording, $100,000 condition, 1846 opening, Malcom, 20 Aug 1851, 1881 gift, 1886 rename).

    Cited for: 5 Feb 1846 · 20 Aug 1851 · 1886 — The University at Lewisburg: a Pennsylvania Baptist school that became Bucknell

  74. catalog.princeton.edu

    Princeton University Library, Scheide Library copy (102.11), catalogue record: imprint “B. Green, and J. Printer”, 1709; Mayhew’s version based on Eliot’s; Trumbull quoted. American Antiquarian Society, “Reclaiming Heritage” (Mayhew 1673–1758; Nipmuc printer James Printer; two columns). Wikipedia, “Experience Mayhew” and “James Printer”. Title page read from the plate. John 5:39 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1709 — The Massachuset Psalter: the Psalms and John in two columns

  75. ccel.org

    Augustine, Confessions VIII.12.28–29 (NPNF1 vol. 1, tr. J. G. Pilkington, 1886, PD; CCEL, cross-checked on New Advent 110108). Date, age, and baptism at Easter 387: Wikipedia, “Augustine of Hippo”. Rom 13:13–14 KJV verified.

    Cited for: Late August 386 — Augustine in Milan: “Take up and read”

  76. cdn.garbc.org

    R. G. Delnay, A History of the GARBC Confession of Faith (Regular Baptist Press; garbc.org), citing J. M. Stowell (1949) and the GARBC minutes of 15–18 May 1932. Reasons for withdrawal, 22 churches and membership per Encyclopaedia Britannica, “General Association of Regular Baptist Churches.” Fellowship model per Wikipedia.

    Cited for: May 1932 — The General Association of Regular Baptist Churches is formed

  77. christianhistoryinstitute.org

    D. Graves, “Annie Armstrong Founded and Led the Woman’s Missionary Union,” Christian History Institute, It Happened Today (14 May). Organising committee name, constitution, Baltimore headquarters, 1871 Woman’s Mission to Woman, the 1890 name, auxiliary status and offerings per Wikipedia, “Woman’s Missionary Union” (citing C. D. Tew, Encyclopedia of Alabama, 2007; A. Hunt, Woman’s Missionary Union, 1964). Lottie Moon is told in her own entry (1873).

    Cited for: 14 May 1888 — The Woman’s Missionary Union is organised

  78. christianhistoryinstitute.org

    Carsten Peter Thiede, “367 Athanasius Defines the New Testament,” Christian History, Issue 28 (1990).

    Cited for: AD 367 — Athanasius lists the twenty-seven books of the New Testament

  79. christianhistoryinstitute.org

    M. K. Nicholls, “Spurgeon’s College,” Christian History 29 (1991), Christian History Institute. Founding year 1856, 863 students by 1892 (citing Briggs, Dictionary of European Baptist Life and Thought, 2009) and the closure on 31 July 2025 (Office for Students) per Wikipedia, “Spurgeon’s College.”

    Cited for: 1855 · 1856 — Spurgeon opens the Pastors’ College

  80. christianhistoryinstitute.org

    Christian History Institute, “Schleitheim Confession” (adopted by a Swiss Brethren conference, 24 February 1527; seven articles; chiefly Michael Sattler); Wikipedia, “Michael Sattler” (chaired the February 1527 meeting; Benedictine background; death 20 May 1527). Baptist descent from the Anabaptists is disputed and is not asserted here. KJV: Matthew 28:19; Romans 6:4.

    Cited for: 24 February 1527 — The Schleitheim Articles: a Brotherhood Confesses Baptism upon Repentance

  81. consource.org

    John Leland, The Rights of Conscience Inalienable (1791), text and editor’s note in E. Sandoz, ed., Political Sermons of the American Founding Era, vol. 2 (Liberty Fund, 1998), pp. 1079–99, via ConSource. Cross-checked with Liberty magazine (Nov/Dec 2020) and Wikipedia (Greene’s 1845 reprint differs slightly in wording). Romans 14:12 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1791 — John Leland, The Rights of Conscience Inalienable

  82. denison.edu

    Denison University, “Our History” (1831 founding, Brown graduates and Baptist tradition, original name, Granville College, mid-1850s renaming); Wikipedia, “Denison University” (13 Dec 1831, John Pratt, second Baptist college west of the Alleghenies, 1845 name, 1853 pledge by William S. Denison).

    Cited for: 13 Dec 1831 · 1845 · 1853 — The Granville Literary and Theological Institution: an Ohio Baptist school that became Denison

  83. digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk

    The Bodleian’s exhibition captions for this copy (2011, 2019) in its Digital Bodleian record; Wikipedia, “Bishops’ Bible”; the 1611 preface, “The Translators to the Reader”. Shown free of charge under CC BY-NC 4.0 (non-commercial). A copy is on Wikimedia Commons (Bodleian-Library-Arch-A-b-18 00189 fol-N2r.jpg), tagged CC BY 4.0 there; the Bodleian’s terms govern. The struck and added words were read from the plate itself.

    Cited for: 1602 (London: Robert Barker) — The translators’ own sheets: the 1602 Bishops’ Bible, marked for the King James (The Gallery); 1602 (London: Robert Barker) — The translators’ own sheets, II: the Beatitudes under the pen (The Gallery); 1602 (London: Robert Barker) — The translators’ own sheets, III: the Lord’s Prayer (The Gallery)

  84. distantreader.org

    Edward Barber, A Small Treatise of Baptism, or Dipping (1641), EarlyPrint/TCP A78120 full text; title page, preface and opening quoted verbatim. Cross-check: Wikipedia “Edward Barber (minister)” (church; d. c. 1674). KJV: Matt 28:19. “Among the first” is this site’s cautious wording, not a claim from the sources.

    Cited for: 1641 — Edward Barber Prints A Small Treatise of Baptism, or Dipping

  85. dncr.nc.gov

    NC Dept. of Natural and Cultural Resources, “Wake Forest Institute opens”; Wikipedia, “Wake Forest University” (1838 rename; 1956 move; 2020 apology); Baptist Press, BSC vote to reclassify Wake Forest as “historical.”

    Cited for: 3 February 1834 · 1838 · 1956 — Wake Forest Institute, the North Carolina Baptists’ School

  86. dss.collections.imj.org.il

    The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, “The Great Isaiah Scroll,” The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls (curator: Adolfo D. Roitman).

    Cited for: c. 125 BC — The Great Isaiah Scroll (The Gallery)

  87. e-codices.unifr.ch

    e-codices, St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 21 (Old High German translation and commentary on the Psalms by Notker, c. 1000; only extant complete copy, 12th c., Einsiedeln). Also Wikipedia, “Notker Labeo” (c. 950–1022; Psalter; lost Job; first systematic OHG orthography). Ps 119:130 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1000 — Notker of St Gall puts the Psalms into German for his pupils

  88. ebsco.com

    G. L. Swygart, “American Bible Society Is Founded”, EBSCO Research Starters (2023): 8 May meeting, place, denominations, unanimous vote, Boudinot’s role and illness, officers 11 May, Delaware John. Wikipedia, “American Bible Society” (used the KJV; Jay 1821; Lenape 1818). T. Armitage, A History of the Baptists (1887, PD), ch. 17 (purpose and “without note or comment”, quoted). Ps 68:11 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 8 · 11 May 1816 — The American Bible Society: “without note or comment”

  89. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Abraham Booth,” which incorporates the public-domain Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 5 (1886), “Booth, Abraham,” and cites E. F. Clipsham, ODNB. Filed at 1768, the year of The Reign of Grace; ordination date per the DNB.

    Cited for: 1768 · 16 February 1769 — Abraham Booth and The Reign of Grace

  90. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Acts of the Apostles” (second part of Luke–Acts; ascension, Pentecost, Antioch, Paul to Rome; title first in Irenaeus; authorship divided, most hold author met Paul; “we” passages; earliest possible c. 62, most 80–90; Alexandrian vs Western text) and “Papyrus 91” (mid-3rd c.). Acts 17:11 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 80–90 (earliest possible c. 62) — The Acts of the Apostles: the Bereans “searched the scriptures daily”

  91. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Ada Gospels” (Trier, Stadtbibliothek, Codex 22; late 8th/early 9th c. Carolingian Gospel Book; dedication to Charlemagne’s sister Ada; vellum, Carolingian minuscule; 36.8 × 24.5 cm; “Ada School”, about ten MSS incl. Soissons, Harley Golden, Godescalc, Lorsch; Matthew initial page, portraits of Matthew, Mark, Luke; Insular, Italian, Byzantine influences; gold binding 1499). Matt 5:18 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late 8th or early 9th century — The Ada Gospels: the book that gives Charlemagne’s court school its name

  92. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Adysh Gospels” (897; Mikaeli; Shatberdi, Klarjeti; Adishi, Svaneti; five illuminated folios; Takaishvili 1916; Blake; Mestia museum) and “Bible translations into Georgian” (as early as the 5th c.). Mark 16:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 897 — The Adishi Gospels: the four Gospels in Georgian

  93. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Alcuin” (abbot at Tours 796; textual criticism of the Vulgate with many variants; four Bibles by dedicatory poems, probably 799–801; aim to recover Jerome’s text, changes not far-reaching; Carolingian minuscule); “Moutier-Grandval Abbey” (Bible of c. 840, probably written at Tours, BL Add MS 10546). Prov 30:5 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 799–801 — Alcuin of York corrects the Latin Bible at Tours

  94. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Aleppo Codex” (Tiberias c. 920; consonants by Shlomo ben Buya’a; verified, vocalized and annotated in the ben Asher tradition; Maimonides’ use for Hilkhot Sefer Torah; Aleppo five centuries; 1947 fire; c. 40% missing on arrival 1958; Cassuto 1943; Goshen-Gottstein; Shrine of the Book). Riots, Crusader ransom and lawsuit deliberately omitted. Ps 12:6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 920 — The Aleppo Codex: the Masoretic Hebrew Bible in one volume; c. AD 920 — The Aleppo Codex, the “Crown of Aleppo” (The Gallery)

  95. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Alopen” (Church of the East; probably Syriac-speaking; Chang’an 635; sacred books and images; translation in the Imperial Library; 638 decree, first church) and “Xi’an Stele” (781; limestone, 279 cm; Chinese and Syriac; composed by Adam/Jingjing; 150 years; buried 845; rediscovered 1621–25; Stele Forest). Mark 16:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 635 — Alopen brings the Scriptures to China

  96. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Aquila of Sinope” (fl. 130; proselyte, disciple of Akiva; used in place of the LXX in Greek-speaking synagogues; Christians alleged Messianic passages mistranslated; praised by Origen and Jerome; in the Hexapla; Genizah fragments 1897, Burkitt 1897 / Taylor 1899; Hexapla Project, Gentry of SBTS). No licensed plate found. Ps 12:6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: fl. c. 130 — Aquila of Sinope makes a word-for-word Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible

  97. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Ashburnham Pentateuch” (BnF nouv. acq. lat. 2334; late 6th/early 7th c.; Deuteronomy lost; 142 ff., 19 miniatures of perhaps 68; Noah f. 9r, Cain and Abel; frontispiece of Latin/Hebrew book names; origin Spain, N. Africa, Syria or Italy; St Julian, Tours; stolen 1842 by Libri, Ashburnham 1847, BnF 1888). Exod 31:18 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late 6th or early 7th century — The Ashburnham Pentateuch: the Books of Moses in Latin, painted scene by scene

  98. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Balthasar Hubmaier” (April 1525 baptism; 1525 treatise; Nikolsburg; death); Britannica, “Balthasar Hubmaier” (died 10 March 1528, Vienna). Baptist descent from the Anabaptists is disputed and is not asserted here. KJV: Acts 8:36–37; Mark 16:16.

    Cited for: April 1525 — Balthasar Hubmaier at Waldshut: Baptism upon Faith, Argued from Scripture

  99. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Baptists Together” (citing W. H. Brackney, Historical Dictionary of the Baptists, 2009, pp. 76–77; S. R. Holmes, Baptist Theology, 2012, p. 51; R. E. Johnson, A Global Introduction to Baptist Churches, 2010, p. 104). The 1904 invitation per the Baptist World Alliance, “History” (baptistworld.org/history). See E. A. Payne, The Baptist Union: A Short History (1959).

    Cited for: 1813 · 1832 · 1891 — The Baptist Union of Great Britain

  100. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Benjamin Blayney” (citing Dictionary of National Biography, 1886); standard-text status per Wikipedia, “King James Version.”

    Cited for: 1769 — Benjamin Blayney’s corrected Oxford edition of the King James Bible

  101. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Benjamin Keach” (incorporating A. Gordon, Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 30, 1892; citing T. Armitage, A History of the Baptists, 1887; C. Johnson, Gloria Deo Journal, 2021).

    Cited for: 1664 · 1668–1704 — Benjamin Keach: pilloried for a catechism, pastor at Horsleydown, and a church that sang hymns

  102. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Bible Historiale” (Guyart des Moulins, 1291–1295; Vulgate + Comestor’s Historia Scholastica; predominant medieval French Bible; portions censored/omitted, quoted; pagan “incidents”; 144 MSS; from 1317 expanded to the full Vulgate). Plate: BL Royal MS 19 D III, f. 3. Deut 4:2 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1291–1295 — The Bible historiale: the Bible most French lay readers knew — and its limits

  103. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Bible moralisée” (13th-c. picture Bibles for the French royal family; selections of Scripture with commentary and paired OT/NT medallions; seven fully illustrated survivors, four early 13th c.; Vienna 2554, 131 ff., frontispiece of God with compasses; one theory dates it 1208–1215; artists unknown). Plate dated c. 1220–30 on Commons. Prov 8:27 KJV verified.

    Cited for: early 13th century — The Bible moralisée: God with the compass, and Scripture paired with pictures

  104. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Bible of Kralice” (Unity of the Brethren; Kralice nad Oslavou; six volumes 1579–1593; first complete Czech translation from the original languages; Blahoslav NT 1564; 1613 third edition, still the most widely known); “Textus Receptus” (TR the Greek base of the Kralice Bible); “Unity of the Brethren” (Unitas Fratrum, from the Bohemian Reformation of the 15th c.). Ps 119:89 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1579–1593 — The Bible of Kralice: the Czech Brethren translate from the Hebrew and Greek

  105. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Bible of Queen Sophia” (oldest surviving Polish OT, first complete Polish Bible; Sophia of Halshany, no Latin; begun 1433, ceased 1455; chaplain Andrzej z Jaszowic; Sárospatak from 1708; vol. 2 used for bindings; vol. 1 lost WWI; Bernacki facsimile 1930; Małecki ed. 1871; 2½ pages remain, Wrocław + Prague). Isa 48:17 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1433–1455 — Queen Sophia’s Bible: the first complete Bible in Polish

  106. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Bible translations into Coptic” (dialects; Sahidic at the end of the 2nd century in Upper Egypt; OT from the Septuagint; Bodmer III, John + Gen 1:1–4:2, 4th c., Bohairic; “some of the earliest translations into any language”). Year filed as c. 190 for ordering only.

    Cited for: late 2nd century onward — The Coptic versions: the Scriptures in the tongue of Egypt

  107. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Bible translations into Welsh” (Salesbury’s Kynniver llith a ban 1551; the 1563 Act, 5 Eliz. 1 c. 28; Davies, Huet, Salesbury at Carmarthen, NT from Greek; who translated which books; Psalms from Hebrew with the BCP 6 May 1567; NT 7 Oct 1567; Humphrey Toy, printed by Henry Denham). 1 Cor 14:9 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 7 October 1567 — William Salesbury’s Welsh New Testament

  108. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Bishops’ Bible” (Parker and the bishops’ initials, 1568 and 1572, pulpit use, editions, the 1602 edition as the KJV’s base text, “Treacle Bible”). Printer, date, shelfmark and the vellum title page per the British Library record on the Commons file.

    Cited for: 1569 (London; first edition 1568) — The Bishops’ Bible: the title page of 1569 (The Gallery)

  109. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “BMS World Mission” (citing Stanley, History of the BMS 1792–1992; Cox, 1842). Date and Carey’s role per Southern Baptist Historical Library & Archives.

    Cited for: 2 October 1792 — The Baptist Missionary Society is founded at Kettering

  110. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Book of Armagh” (TCD MS 52; near-complete NT; once thought Patrick’s hand; Ferdomnach 807/808 for Torbach; 2 cols insular minuscule; Vulgate with Vetus Latina readings in Acts and Paul; Lives by Muirchú and Tírechán; Confessio abbreviated; Old Irish prose; f. 32v evangelists’ symbols; Pauline prefaces mostly Pelagius). Rev 4:7 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 807 or 808 — The Book of Armagh: an Irish New Testament, with Patrick’s Confession

  111. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Book of Deer” (CUL MS Ii.6.32; 10th-c. Latin Gospel Book; additions early 12th c.; earliest surviving Gaelic from Scotland; Irish pocket gospel for private use; 86 ff., 157×108 mm; John complete, parts of Mt, Mk, Lk; Visitation of the Sick; Apostles’ Creed; Vulgate with Irish peculiarities; one scribe; Scottish origin argued; Cambridge since 1715). John 20:31 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 10th century (Gaelic notes early 12th century) — The Book of Deer: a pocket Gospel book whose margins hold Scotland’s oldest Gaelic writing

  112. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Book of Dimma” (TCD MS A.IV.23 [MS 59]; 8th-c. Irish pocket Gospel Book from Roscrea, founded by St Crónán; Gospels + order for Unction and Communion of the Sick; initials, three Evangelist portraits, eagle of John; John by a different scribe; signed Dimma MacNathi; bishop identification cannot be sustained; one-day/forty-days legend; 12th-c. cumdach; TCD 29 March 1836). John 1:14 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 8th century — The Book of Dimma: an Irish pocket Gospel book from the abbey of Roscrea

  113. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Book of Durrow” (c. 700; Vulgate Gospels “with some Irish variations”; Insular majuscule; 248 folios; Jerome’s letter, prefaces, summaries, glossary, canon tables; oldest surviving complete illuminated Insular gospel book, predating Kells by over a century; origin debated, probably Ireland at/near Durrow; probably at Durrow by 916; TCD MS 57). Mark 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 700 (at Durrow by 916) — The Book of Durrow: the oldest complete illuminated Gospel book of Britain and Ireland

  114. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Book of Kells” (c. 800; Columban origin, Iona/Kells debated; Vulgate text with Old Latin readings; Eusebian canon tables; fol. 34r Chi Rho at Matt 1:18; Annals of Ulster 1007 as quoted there; Trinity College Dublin since 1661). Matt 1:18 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 800 — The Book of Kells: the four Gospels in Latin

  115. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Book of Mulling” (TCD MS 60 (A. I. 15); Irish pocket Gospel Book, late 8th/early 9th c.; four Gospels, liturgical service with Apostles’ Creed; colophon with supposed monastery plan in two circles; “Nomen scriptoris Mulling dicitur”; St Moling d. 697; three scribes; possibly copied from Moling’s autograph; Irish minuscule; portraits of Matthew, Mark, John; cumdach at TCD). Ps 119:11 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late 8th or early 9th century — The Book of Mulling: a pocket Gospel book in the high Irish hand

  116. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Book of Revelation” (author names himself John, on Patmos, 1:9; letters to the Seven Churches of Asia, close together near Patmos; commonly dated c. 95 under Domitian; Nero allusions do not imply 60s; Irenaeus tradition = John the apostle; no consensus). Irenaeus AH V.30.3 (ANF, newadvent 0103530), date phrase quoted. Plate: P98, 150–250. Rev 1:3, 1:9 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 95 — John on Patmos writes the Revelation to the seven churches of Asia: the last book of the Bible

  117. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Brest Bible” (Radziwiłł patron; translators chosen at the 1559–60 Pińczów synods; printed 1563 at Brest; printer Wojewodka; Hebrew and Greek with Vulgate and French as aids); Wikipedia, “Bible translations into Polish” (six years’ work; superseded by the Gdańsk Bible, NT 1606, whole 1632; Janicki, Mikołajewski, Turnowski). 2 Tim 3:15 KJV verified on bible-api.com.

    Cited for: 1563 · 1632 — The Brest Bible gives Poland’s Protestants the Scriptures in their own tongue

  118. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Bury Bible” (Bury St Edmunds, 1121–1148; Master Hugo; vellum from Ireland; first part only survives, 3 vols, 357 folios; 6 of 12 pictures, 42 of 44 initials; Parker Library CCCC MS 2 since 1575). Plate: vol. 3, fol. 281v, Vision of Ezekiel. Ezek 1:28 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1121–1148 — The Bury Bible: Master Hugo’s giant Bible for the abbey of Bury St Edmunds

  119. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Cædmon” (Bede, Ecclesiastical History IV.24, the sole source; Hilda’s abbacy 657–680; the Bede quotation as translated there), and “Old English Bible translations” (not a translator per se).

    Cited for: c. 657–680 — Cædmon sings the Scriptures in English

  120. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Caligae”; object and date per the Commons record of the Landesmuseum Mainz photograph.

    Cited for: 1st century AD — A soldier’s caliga (The Gallery)

  121. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Cassiodorus” (c. 485 – c. 585; Vivarium near Squillace; Institutiones 530s–550s, first book on Christian texts; secular arts as aids to Scripture; Codex Grandior (Vetus Latina pandect) + Greek pandect; copying made regular; Grandior bought by Ceolfrith 679–80, model for Codex Amiatinus). Political career omitted. Ps 1:2 KJV verified. No plate: the Amiatinus Ezra page is already used at 692.

    Cited for: c. 540s–550s — Cassiodorus founds Vivarium and sets monks to copying the Scriptures

  122. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Chapters and verses of the Bible” (parashot and kephalaia; Langton 1205; Hugo de Sancto Caro; chapters inserted into Greek MSS in the 16th c.); “Stephen Langton” (Paris, lectured until 1206; Archbishop 1207–1228; credited with the modern chapter arrangement; Hugo 1244–48). His political career is deliberately omitted. Neh 8:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: early 13th century — Stephen Langton divides the Bible into the chapters still used today

  123. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Chester Beatty Papyri” (11 MSS, Greek, Christian origin; announced 19 Nov 1931; Kenyon 1933–58; 7 OT MSS in the LXX; P. VI Numbers–Deuteronomy, first half 2nd c., c. 50 of 108 leaves; all codices; Joshua as nomen sacrum; pre-Diocletian; dealers; Dublin + Michigan). Plate: P. Mich. inv. 5554. Deut 6:6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 2nd–4th century (P. VI: first half of the 2nd) — The Chester Beatty papyri: the Law and the Prophets in early Christian books

  124. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Alexandrinus” (5th c. by palaeography; 773 folios in four volumes; Byzantine in the Gospels, “the text-type’s oldest example,” Alexandrian elsewhere; Lucaris 1621; to Charles I 1627; British Library), and “Byzantine text-type” (majority of MSS; underlies the Textus Receptus).

    Cited for: 5th century — Codex Alexandrinus: the whole Greek Bible in one book; 5th century AD — Codex Alexandrinus: the close of Luke (The Gallery)

  125. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Amiatinus” (commission 692; size; earliest complete one-volume Latin Bible save the León palimpsest; Ceolfrith’s death 29 Sept 716; Monte Amiata; Laurentian Library, Amiat. 1; de Rossi 1888 identification), and “Bede.”

    Cited for: 692 · 716 — The Codex Amiatinus: a whole Bible made at Jarrow

  126. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Assemanius” (rounded Glagolitic OCS evangeliary, 158 illuminated ff., early 11th c.; Ohrid Literary School; bought by G. S. Assemani in Jerusalem 1736, nephew donated to Vatican Library; aprakos lectionary beginning with John; menologium; “most beautiful” OCS book; Macedonian traits shared with Marianus). John 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: early 11th century — Codex Assemanius: the Gospel lessons in Glagolitic letters, beginning with John

  127. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Athous Dionysiou” (Ω/045; 9th c.; 259 thick leaves, 22 × 16 cm, 2 cols; brown ink, first lines red; lacuna Luke 1:15–28; kephalaia, sections, canons, lection marks, Synaxarion, Menologion, stichoi; Byzantine, some Alexandrian readings; von Soden: among 3 oldest early-Byzantine; Aland Cat. V; Winslow, ed. Lake and New 1932; Dionysiou (10) 55). Plate passage per Commons. John 21:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th century — Codex Athous Dionysiou: a Gospel book still kept on Mount Athos

  128. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Augiensis” (F/010; 9th c.; Greek–Latin Paul in parallel columns; 136 leaves; Greek gaps incl. Rom 1:1–3:19; Hebrews Latin only; Western text; Greek almost the same as Boernerianus, Tischendorf: common exemplar, Augiensis preferred; named for Augia Dives; Bentley 1718; Trinity College B.17.1; Scrivener 1859; Tischendorf). Eph 1:13 and 1:19 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th century — Codex Augiensis: Paul’s letters in Greek and Latin, side by side, from Reichenau

  129. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Aureus of Echternach” (c. 1030–1050, cover c. 980s; Germanisches Nationalmuseum; Abbot Humbert; Vulgate Gospels + canon tables; entire text in gold; 16 full-page miniatures; parable pages; “in no hurry” quote). Ps 19:10 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1030–1050 — The Codex Aureus of Echternach: the Gospels written entirely in gold

  130. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Aureus of Lorsch” (Latin Gospel Book 778–820; Lorsch catalogue 830 under Abbot Adelung “Evangelium scriptum cum auro…”; Heidelberg 16th c.; split and covers torn off 1622; Alba Iulia: Matthew, Mark, canon tables; Vatican: Luke, John; ivories: Vatican Museums and V&A; Christ treading on the beasts). Ps 91:13 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 778–820 — The Lorsch Gospels: a golden Gospel book of Charlemagne’s age, now in three countries

  131. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Aureus of Saint Emmeram” (BSB Clm 14000; Gospel Book for Charles the Bald, 870, Palace School; Liuthard and Beringer; gold uncials; 12 canon tables, 10 initials, 7 full-page miniatures; cover dated 870, gems, Christ in Majesty with book inscribed John 14:6; St Emmeram’s Abbey, Regensburg). John 14:6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 870 — The Codex Aureus of St Emmeram: the four Gospels in gold, under a cover bearing John 14:6

  132. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Basilensis A. N. III. 12” (E/07; 318 leaves; decorated initials; 8th c. per Scrivener, Gregory, Nestle, Aland, Metzger; Cataldi Palau 9th c., Italy, few errors; Byzantine text, probably oldest with pure Byzantine text; Cardinal Ragusio; Basel University Library 1559; available to Erasmus but unused; used by Mill). Mark 2:11 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 8th century (some argue 9th) — Codex Basilensis: the common Gospel text, waiting in Basel

  133. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Basiliensis A. N. IV. 1” (Minuscule 2; 11th or 12th c.; complete Gospels, 248 leaves; Basel University Library; used by Erasmus and “became the basis for the Textus Receptus in the Gospels”; red chalk printer’s marks; Erasmus’s notes; itacism errors, Erasmus sometimes mis-corrected; Byzantine, Aland Category V). Matt 5:18 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 11th or 12th century (used by Erasmus 1516) — Minuscule 2: the Gospel manuscript Erasmus sent to the printer

  134. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Beratinus” (Φ/043; 6th c.; silver on purple, gold for Mark’s title; purple uncial; Matthew and Mark with lacunae, 190 leaves, same size as Alexandrinus; kephalaia/titloi; OT quotations marked; generally Byzantine; St George, Berat, from 1356; Batiffol 1887; National Archives of Albania since 1971; UNESCO MoW 2005). Plate caption per Commons (Mt 6:30–7:2). Matt 6:33 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 6th century — Codex Beratinus: Matthew and Mark in silver on purple

  135. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Bezae” (D/05; 5th c.; Greek left, Latin right; Gospels, Acts, 3 John fragment; St Irenaeus, Lyon; consulted at Trent; collated for Stephanus’s edition; taken from Lyon 1562; delivered to Beza, who gave it to Cambridge 1581; CUL Nn. II 41; principal Greek “Western” witness; “In general the Greek text is treated as an unreliable witness”). Luke 1:4 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 5th century (given to Cambridge 1581) — Codex Bezae: a Greek–Latin Gospel book that passed through Stephanus and Beza

  136. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Boernerianus” (G/012; Pauline epistles without Hebrews; 99 leaves; Greek + interlinear Latin; Irish monk, St Gall, 850–900; Anglo-Saxon letter forms; linked to Δ 037; Western text; Old Irish verse, trans. Stokes & Strachan 1903; Junius, Leiden 1670; Boerner 1705; WWII water damage; 1909 facsimile; SLUB A 145b). Rom 15:4 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 850–900 — Codex Boernerianus: an Irish monk at St Gall reads Paul in Greek

  137. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Boreelianus” (F/09; 204 leaves, 2 cols, 19 lines; late uncial, “elegant and careful” hand per Heringa; gold and red headings; Ammonian sections, kephalaia tables, lectionary marks; Byzantine, “typical” per Metzger; Aland Cat. V; Johannes Boreel 1577–1629, ambassador to James I; Wettstein 1751; Heringa identified 1823; Utrecht University Ms. 1 since 1830; digitised 2007; in Nestle-Aland; dated 8th (Deane), 9th (INTF), 10th (Tregelles)). Mark 1:3 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th century (8th and 10th have also been argued) — Codex Boreelianus: a Gospel book carried home to Holland

  138. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Brixianus” (VL 10, siglum f; 6th c.; probably Ravenna; Biblioteca Queriniana, Brescia; 419 purple folios, silver and gold ink; Western order; Vulgate with Old Latin readings, Gothic influence; preface on translation, critical of Jerome; arcades like Codex Argenteus). Ps 119:130 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 6th century — Codex Brixianus: a Latin Gospel book in silver and gold, beside the Gothic Bible

  139. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Cairensis” (complete Nevi’im; 575 pp.; colophon: Moses ben Asher, Tiberias, 895; “oldest dated Hebrew Codex” claim; Karaites of Cairo, deposited 1983 at Hebrew University; radiocarbon → 11th c., scribe ≠ vocaliser; nearer ben Naphtali; Pérez Castro ed. 1979–92). Plate: p. 12, Joshua 1. Josh 1:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: Colophon 895 · probably 11th century — Codex Cairensis: the Hebrew Prophets with their vowels and Masorah

  140. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Campianus” (M/021; 9th c. per INTF; 257 leaves, 2 cols; Scrivener’s description quoted; lection marks; harmony at foot of pages; evangelist miniatures; Abbé de Camps to Louis XIV, 1706/1707; Kuster 1710 for Mill; Tregelles quoted; later neglect; BnF Gr. 48). Mark 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th century — Codex Campianus: a Gospel book in minute capitals, given to a king

  141. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Claromontanus” (D-p/06; Greek–Latin diglot of Paul, 533 leaves; 5th/6th c.; ≥9 correctors; early Western text, used as an “outside mediator”; named from Clermont, procured and used by Beza; BnF Gr. 107; Catalogus Claromontanus inserted before Hebrews, uncertain date, its omissions and inclusions). Eph 6:17 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 5th or 6th century — Codex Claromontanus: the letters of Paul in Greek and Latin, face to face

  142. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Corbeiensis II” (VL 8, siglum ff2; 5th c.; 190 ff.; round uncial; order Matt–Luke–John–Mark; lacunae incl. Matt 1:1–11:16; Old Latin, akin to a and b; Corbie Abbey → Saint-Germain-des-Prés c. 1638; Sabatier, Bianchini, Belsheim, Buchanan 1907, Jülicher; BnF Lat. 17225). Luke 11:28 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 5th century — Codex Corbeiensis II: the Old Latin Gospels from the library of Corbie

  143. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Cyprius” (K/017; complete Gospels, 267 leaves; Cyprus → Colbert library 1673 → BnF; 9th c. per Tischendorf/Gregory/Tregelles, 11th per Kenyon/Lake; Synaxarion, Menologion, canons; mainly Byzantine; Hatch; Simon’s extracts used by Mill; collations 1842/1849, compared 1850). Matt 6:9 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th century (some date it as late as the 11th) — Codex Cyprius: a complete Gospel book brought from Cyprus to Paris

  144. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Egberti” (Reichenau for Egbert of Trier 980–993; Trier city library Cod. 24; lectionary; Evangelist portraits + 51 miniatures; oldest, most extensive Life of Christ cycle; UNESCO Memory of the World 2004). Trier-info.de, “Codex Egberti” (St Maximin scriptorium; Master of the Registrum Gregorii; to St Paulinus, used into 18th c.). Matt 14:31 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 980–993 — The Codex Egberti: the Gospel readings of the church year, pictured for Egbert of Trier

  145. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus” (C/04; one of the four great uncials; 209 leaves, 145 NT/64 OT; all NT books but 2 Thess & 2 John; overwritten 12th c. with 38 Ephrem treatises; Florence after 1453; Catherine de’ Medici → BnF Gr. 9; Allix; reagent 1834–35; Tischendorf 1843/1845). Date and “about 60 percent” from Britannica, “Codex Ephraemi Syri”. Luke 1:4 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 5th century — Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus: a whole Greek Bible hidden beneath sermons

  146. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Fuldensis” (made 541–546; corrected until 2 May 546; Victor of Capua; Boniface gave it to Fulda in 745). The May 547 correction and the one-column uncial hand are from historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=4054. Dates differ between sources; both are given.

    Cited for: 541–546/547 · given to Fulda 745 — Codex Fuldensis: a Latin New Testament corrected by its bishop, kept at Fulda since 745

  147. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Glazier” (copG67; Acts 1:1–15:3, Middle Egyptian Coptic, parchment, 12.1 × 10.4 cm; late 4th/early 5th c.; crux ansata leaf; Western text close to Bezae; Acts 8:37 included; Glazier Collection to the Morgan 1983; Schenke ed. 1991). The page’s conflicting Berlin line is not used. Acts 8:37 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late 4th or early 5th century — Codex Glazier: the Acts of the Apostles in the Coptic of Middle Egypt

  148. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Koridethi” (Θ/038; 9th c.; 249 leaves; scribe unfamiliar with Greek; Koridethi notes from c. 965, rebound; Kala, found 1853; Beermann & Gregory 1913; Byzantine in Mt 1–14, Lk, Jn; Mark “Caesarean” per Streeter, contested by the Alands; gaps in Mt 1–5; Tbilisi Gr. 28). Mark 13:31 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th century — Codex Koridethi: a Greek Gospel book kept in the mountains of Georgia

  149. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Laudianus” (E-a/08; Latin–Greek diglot of Acts, 227 leaves, lacuna 26:29–28:26; Sardinia after 534; used by Bede before 716; Theodore 668 or Ceolfrith; Hornbach; Laud → Bodleian 1636, MS. Laud Gr. 35; mixed, usually Byzantine text; earliest known MS with Acts 8:37). Acts 8:37 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 6th century (between 534 and 716) — Codex Laudianus: the Acts of the Apostles that Bede read

  150. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Macedoniensis” (Y/034; 9th c.; 309 leaves, 18 × 13 cm, 1 col; black and brown ink; Braithwaite “very carefully written”; kephalaia lists, ornamented headpieces, carmine lection marks; Byzantine, Aland Cat. V; J. B. Braithwaite acquired from Macedonia 1901 → W. C. Braithwaite, Expository Times 13; Metzger quoted; Cambridge University Library Add. MS 6594; digitised at Cambridge Digital Library and CSNTM). Luke 24:53 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th century — Codex Macedoniensis: a small, carefully written Gospel book

  151. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Marchalianus” (siglum Q; 6th c.; Egypt; Prophets incl. Baruch, Lamentations, Ep. Jer., Susanna, Bel; Hesychian family; Hexaplaric marginal notes; Egypt → S. Italy → St Denys; René Marchal; Vatican Library). Plate: Ezekiel 1:28–2:6 (low resolution, 413px). Hab 2:2 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 6th century — Codex Marchalianus: the Prophets copied in Egypt and kept for fourteen centuries

  152. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Mosquensis II” (V/031; 9th c.; 220 leaves, 15.7 × 11.5 cm; Epistle to Carpianus + Eusebian tables; uncial to John 8:39, 13th-c. minuscule after; Byzantine, resembles M; Vatopedi → Moscow 1655, Arsenius, Nikon; Matthaei 1779/1783; Scrivener; State Historical Museum V. 9). Matt 1:21 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th century — Codex Mosquensis II: from Mount Athos to Moscow

  153. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Palatinus” (VL 2, siglum e; 5th c.; purple, gold and silver ink; 230 ff., 35.5×26 cm, 2 cols, 19–20 lines; Western order; African recension, Europeanized; probably N. Italy; acquired from Trent 1800–29; Tischendorf 1847; Vienna until 1919; Trent, Buonconsiglio MS 1589; leaves in TCD MS 1709 and BL Add. MS 40107). John 1:14 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 5th century — Codex Palatinus: Old Latin Gospels in gold and silver, kept in three cities

  154. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament)” (Π/041; 9th c.; 350 leaves, 14.5 × 10.5 cm; kephalaia, Ammonian sections, Eusebian canons; Mark 16:18–20 and John 21:22–25 supplied 12th c.; Byzantine, family Π with Codex Cyprius; Parodi family, Smyrna; Tischendorf 1859; NLR Gr. 34). Luke 1:4 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th century — Codex Petropolitanus: a small Gospel book from Smyrna

  155. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus” (N/022; 6th c. by palaeography; silver ink on purple vellum, gold nomina sacra; Purple Uncials with Rossano, Sinope, Beratinus; imperial scriptorium of Constantinople; c. 462 leaves originally, 231 in St Petersburg; bought 1896 for the Imperial Public Library; Byzantine with pre-Byzantine readings, Aland Category V; iotacisms; many gaps). John 20:31 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 6th century (most leaves reach St Petersburg 1896) — Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus: the Gospels in silver and gold on purple

  156. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Sangallensis 48” (Δ/037; 198 leaves, lacks Jn 19:17–35; Latin interlinear, alternative renderings e.g. uxorem vel coniugem; Irish monk at St Gall, 9th c.; not before 868 (Gottschalk notes); Jerome to Damasus, canons, kephalaia; Alexandrian in Mark, Byzantine elsewhere; Rettig: same book as G; St Gall Cod. Sang. 48). Luke 24:27 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th century (after 868) — Codex Sangallensis 48: the four Gospels in Greek, with the Latin above each word

  157. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Sassoon 1053” / Codex S1 (almost complete, 24 books, 12 leaves missing; 10th c. or late 9th, carbon-dated late 9th–early 10th; vs Aleppo 40% missing and Leningrad 1008; 3 cols; “unusually sloppy” scribe; Ben Asher 40%, Ben Naphtali 20%; Makisin synagogue 13th c.; Sassoon 1929; sold 2023 to American Friends of ANU; NLI images). Isa 40:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late 9th or early 10th century — Codex S1 (Sassoon 1053): an almost complete Hebrew Bible a century older than Leningrad

  158. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Seidelianus I” (G/011, Wolfii A; 9th/10th c.; 252 leaves, 2 cols, 21 lines; Ammonian sections + Eusebian canons, titloi; Luke 3 genealogy one name per line (Scrivener); secondary Byzantine, Aland Cat. V; Seidel († 1718) → La Croze → J. C. Wolf, extracts 1723; mutilated 1721 for Bentley; Wettstein and Griesbach siglum G; Tregelles 1845/1847; British Library Harley MS 5684, one leaf Trinity College Cambridge B. XVII. 20). Luke 3:38 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th or 10th century — Codex Seidelianus I: a Gospel book that reached Wolf, Wettstein and the Harleian library

  159. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Tischendorfianus IV” (Γ/036; 10th c., 9th possible; 257 leaves, 30 × 23 cm, 1 col, 24 lines; Western order Mt–Jn–Lk–Mk; lacunae in Matthew and Mark, Luke and John complete; kephalaia, sections, canons, lection marks, musical notes; no itacisms (Gregory); colophon 27 Nov, Thursday → 844 (Tischendorf) or 979; Byzantine, Aland Cat. V; found by Tischendorf 1853 and 1859; Bodleian Auct. T. inf. 2. 2 (158 leaves), NLR Gr. 33 (99 leaves)). Matt 8:17 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 10th century (its colophon points to 844 or 979) — Codex Tischendorfianus IV: one Gospel book kept in two cities

  160. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Usserianus Primus” (TCD MS 55; Old Latin Gospels, siglum r; 6th/7th c., early 7th; probably Irish, possibly earliest Irish codex; Western order Mt–Jn–Lk–Mk; c. 180 folios remounted; cross between alpha and omega at end of Luke, fol. 149v; dotting motif; Ussher name doubtful; Abbott 1884; TCD Digital Collections). Rev 1:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: early 7th century — Codex Usserianus Primus: perhaps the oldest surviving Irish book

  161. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Vaticanus 354” (S/028; 235 leaves, 2 cols; colophon: the monk Michael, 5 March, 6th hour, AM 6457 = 949; one of 4 oldest dated NT MSS, only dated uncial; Epistle to Carpianus, kephalaia, neumes; Byzantine, close to V and W; Birch 1781–83, Tischendorf 1866; Vat. gr. 354). Luke 18:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 5 March 949 — Codex Vaticanus 354: the only dated Gospel book in capital letters

  162. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Veronensis” (VL 4, siglum b; 5th c.; purple vellum, silver and some gold ink, 1 col., 18 lines; Western order; gold first pages and nomina sacra; Old Latin, European/Italian recension; Burkitt on Jerome’s base; Bianchini mid-18th c.; Chapter Library, Verona). Matt 24:35 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 5th century — Codex Veronensis: the Gospels in silver on purple, as the West read them before Jerome

  163. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Washingtonianus” (W/032; 4th or 5th c. by palaeography; 187 leaves, painted wooden covers; Freer, early 20th c.; Sanders; third oldest Gospel parchment codex; copyist “generally a careful worker”; Byzantine text in Matt 1–28 and Luke 8:13–24:53, other sections Western/Caesarean/Alexandrian; possibly pieced together from MSS that survived Diocletian). Matt 24:35 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late 4th–early 5th century — Codex Washingtonianus: the four Gospels in an early Greek book; 4th or 5th century AD (bought 1906) — Codex Washingtonianus: “Amen” at the close of Mark (The Gallery)

  164. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Zacynthius” (Ξ/040; palimpsest; upper text lectionary ℓ299, 12th/13th c.; lower text Luke 1:1–11:33 with a catena of nine fathers, all in uncials; Tregelles 8th c., Hatch 6th (majority), Parker 7th; Macaulay 1821 → BFBS; Tregelles ed. 1861; Cambridge loan 1985, purchase 2014 after £1.1m appeal; MSI 2018). Luke 3:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 6th century (some date it to the 7th) — Codex Zacynthius: St Luke hidden under a later book, and kept by a Bible Society

  165. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Zographensis” (304 ff., 288 Glagolitic Gospels; end 10th/start 11th c.; Zograf Monastery, Athos; Mihanović 1843; given to Alexander II 1860; National Library of Russia) + “Codex Marianus” (early 11th c.; Grigorovich 1844–45; Russian State Library; with Zographensis among oldest OCS witnesses; round Glagolitic). Mark 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late 10th – early 11th century — The Glagolitic Gospels: Codex Zographensis and Codex Marianus

  166. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Complutensian Polyglot Bible” (Cisneros, Alcalá, editors, NT printed 1514, OT 1517, Cisneros d. July 1517, Leo X 1520, distribution delayed, 600 sets / 123 surviving, Erasmus 1527). The Matthew 1 page hangs in the Gallery, Room II. Ps 12:6–7 KJV verified.

    Cited for: printed 1514–1517 · issued 1520–1521 — The Complutensian Polyglot: the first printed Greek New Testament; NT printed 1514; issued 1520–21 — The Complutensian Polyglot: the first printed Greek New Testament (The Gallery)

  167. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Confession of Faith (1644)” (citing Bingham, JEH 68.3, 2017); title pages from the Angus Library scans (london1644.info) and Oxford Text Archive A80328. Quotations: E. B. Underhill (ed.), Confessions of Faith (Hanserd Knollys Society, 1854), pp. 26–27, 30, 41–42, page images read (archive.org confessionsfaith00undeuoft); KJV Isa 8:20.

    Cited for: October 1644 — Seven London churches publish the First London Confession; October 1644 (London: Matthew Simmons) — The First London Confession: the title page of 1644 (The Gallery)

  168. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Conrad Grebel” (17 and 21 Jan 1525); W. R. Estep, “Teach the gospel and hold the faith”, Mennonite World Conference (mwc-cmm.org/en/?p=8097); Wikipedia, “Baptists” (Origins: Gourley’s four views). Baptist descent from the Anabaptists is disputed and is not asserted here. KJV: Acts 8:12; 2:41.

    Cited for: 21 January 1525 — Zürich, January 1525: Believers Are Baptized upon Confession of Faith

  169. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Constitutions of Oxford” (1407 Oxford convocation, extended 1408–09; nos. 5–7; Periculosa quoted as translated there; the competing interpretations of Foxe, More, the Rheims preface and Tyndale per Daniell). The Wycliffite and Tyndale entries on this timeline carry their own sources.

    Cited for: 1407 · 1409 — The Constitutions of Arundel restrict new English translations of Scripture

  170. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Corbridge Hoard”; English Heritage, Corbridge Collection Highlights.

    Cited for: buried c. AD 122–138 — Plate armour from the Corbridge Hoard (The Gallery)

  171. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Cotton Genesis” (BL Cotton MS Otho B VI; Greek LXX Genesis, uncial, one column; 4th or 5th c., Tischendorf 5th; c. 165 leaves, 340–360 miniatures; Alexandria per Kessler/Weitzmann; basis of St Mark’s narthex mosaics, 1220s; from Philippi to Henry VIII; Cotton; 1731 Ashburnham House fire; Tischendorf 1857, Gotch 1881; BL multispectral imaging 2026; Horne on its correctness). Gen 18:14 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 5th century (4th has also been argued) — The Cotton Genesis: a Greek Genesis that came through fire

  172. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Council of Toulouse” (1229; called by Folquet de Marselha against the Albigensian/Cathar movement; canon quoted verbatim as translated there; Tarragona 1234 restatement). Ps 119:130 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1229 — The Council of Toulouse forbids the Scriptures to laymen

  173. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Coverdale Bible” (printer identified by Guido Latré, 1997; cites Herbert, Historical Catalogue of Printed Editions of the English Bible, 1968).

    Cited for: 1535 — The Coverdale Bible: the first complete printed Bible in English; 1535 (first printed 4 October 1535) — The Coverdale Bible of 1535: the whole armour of God (The Gallery)

  174. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Curetonian Gospels” (syr-cur; Old Syriac with the Sinaitic palimpsest; 5th-c. MS per Cureton; Estrangela, unpointed; from St Mary Deipara, Wadi Natrun, 1842; British Library Add 14451, Berlin leaves; Cureton 1858 vs Harman 1885; order Mt–Mk–Jn–Lk). Sinai find 1892 per “Syriac Sinaiticus”. John 20:31 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 5th-century manuscript; the version older — The Old Syriac Gospels: the Curetonian manuscript

  175. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Dagulf Psalter” (scribe Dagulf, 793–795, Charlemagne’s gift to Adrian I; 161 ff. in gold Carolingian minuscule; Psalms + canticles, 23 lines; no portraits; dedicatory poems; ivories: David and the Psalms, Jerome’s Latin translation; Nicaea II/Libri Carolini context; Adrian d. 795; Vienna ÖNB; ivories Louvre). 2 Sam 23:2 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 793–795 — The Dagulf Psalter: the Psalms written wholly in gold for a gift to Rome

  176. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Damascus Pentateuch” (Codex Sassoon 507; 10th c.; almost complete Torah; begins Gen 9:26, lacks Exod 18:1–23; NLI 1975; facsimile 1978; not the Damascus Keter; bought by D. S. Sassoon in Damascus; ranks with Aleppo and Leningrad; ben Asher agreement up to 52%; three columns, Masora magna/parva; Sassoon: Masora ben Asher, text ben Naphtali). Deut 4:2 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 10th century — The Damascus Pentateuch: the Five Books of Moses with the Masorah, a thousand years old

  177. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Diatessaron” (c. 166–169; four gospels into one narrative; no significant added wording; standard in some Syriac churches for three centuries; Ephrem’s commentary, Chester Beatty Syriac MS 709; Theodoret; original lost); “Tatian” (Assyria; Rome; pupil of Justin; expelled after 165 per Irenaeus for Encratite views; Rabbula ordered separate Gospels). John 20:31 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 166–169 — Tatian’s Diatessaron: the four Gospels woven into one

  178. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Diocletianic Persecution” (first edict, 23–24 Feb 303; its terms; traditores and the Donatist schism; de Ste Croix on the survival of biblical papyri; Barnes and Curran on embellished martyr tales; 311 Serdica, 313 Milan).

    Cited for: 23–24 February 303 — Diocletian’s edict: the Scriptures ordered to be burned

  179. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Doom book” (c. 893; the three prior codes; the Mosaic prologue; Treschow on mercy), and “Old English Bible translations” (Ten Commandments and Pentateuch passages prefixed to the laws; Paris Psalter debate).

    Cited for: c. 893 — King Alfred sets the Ten Commandments before his laws

  180. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Dorothy Hazzard” (citing the Oxford DNB, “Hazzard [other married name Kelly], Dorothy (d. 1674), Baptist leader,” and J. G. Fuller, The Rise and Progress of Dissent in Bristol, 1840, p. 21), and “Broadmead Baptist Church” (citing Fuller, p. 49, for the 1671 rooms). Sources differ on the fourth founder’s name (Poole or Cole), so he is left unnamed.

    Cited for: 1640 — Dorothy Hazzard and the Broadmead church, Bristol

  181. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Dura Parchment 24” (Uncial 0212; found 5 March 1933 under the embankment that covered the church; S. M. Hopkins; 10.5 × 9.5 cm; Matt 27:56–57, Mark 15:40, 42, Luke 23:49–51, John 19:38; Kraeling 1935; identification disputed; Monier & Taylor; 3rd c.; nomina sacra; “Erinmathea”; Beinecke Dura Parch. 10). Luke 23:50 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 3rd century (buried before 256) — Dura Parchment 24: the four Gospels woven into one account

  182. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Dura-Europos church” (earliest identified house church; plaster inscription 232/233; conversion probably 240/241; assembly room with raised platform; baptistery basin 1.63 m wide, 0.95 m deep, under a vaulted ciborium with white stars on blue; earliest church wall paintings; buried by embankment before the town was abandoned in 256; excavated 1931–32; paintings at Yale). Rom 6:4 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 240–256 — Dura-Europos: the earliest known house church, and its baptistery

  183. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Eadwine Psalter” (Christ Church, Canterbury; Trinity College Cambridge MS R.17.1, Wren Library; three Latin versions with Old English and Anglo-Norman translations; “most ambitious” English MS of 12th c.; images after the Utrecht Psalter; Eadwine portrait; c. 1155–60). Ps 45:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1155–1160 — The Eadwine Psalter: the Psalms in Latin, Old English and French on one page

  184. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Echternach Gospels” (Paris BnF MS lat. 9389; presumably Lindisfarne c. 690; same scribe as Durham Gospels; evangelist symbols in Hiberno-Saxon style; probably taken by Willibrord to Echternach, founded 698; teaching and liturgical use; Echternach the leading continental centre). Rom 10:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 690 (to Echternach by 698) — The Echternach Gospels: a Gospel book carried to the mission field

  185. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Epistle of James” (1:1; wisdom themes, faith without works is dead; traditionally James the brother of Jesus; modern pseudepigraphy view; mid-1st to mid-2nd c.; Josephus: James died 62; some place it before Acts 15; disputed, sparsely cited, received by late 4th c.; Eusebius “disputed”; Luther) and “Papyrus 23” (early 3rd c.). Jas 1:22 KJV verified.

    Cited for: mid-1st to mid-2nd c. (by tradition before AD 62) — The Epistle of James: “be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only”

  186. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Epistle of Jude” (25 verses; brother of James; Clement of Alexandria; quotes Enoch; Jerome 392 “rejected by many”; Eusebius antilegomena; Muratorian, Clement, Tertullian, Carthage 397; most likely late 1st c.; most favour Jude before 2 Peter; doxology) and “Papyrus 78” (3rd/4th c.). Jude 3 KJV verified; Jude 24 checked.

    Cited for: probably the late 1st century AD — The Epistle of Jude: “earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints”

  187. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Epistle to Philemon” (prison letter; church in Philemon’s house at Colossae; undisputed; 335 Greek words, shortest; Onesimus, runaway-slave reading and Callahan’s dissent; offer to repay; not explicitly condemning slavery; c. 57–62 from Caesarea or Rome; often with Colossians) and “Papyrus 87”. Phlm 16 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 57–62, from prison — Paul writes to Philemon: “not now as a servant, but … a brother beloved”

  188. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Epistle to the Colossians” (Paul and Timothy; Colossae near Laodicea, ~100 mi from Ephesus; Christ pre-eminent; Tychicus and Onesimus with Philemon and Ephesians; early Fathers held Pauline; 2011 BNTC survey 56/17/36; Metzger 60s in prison; Rome c. 62, or late 1st c.). Plate: P46, Chester Beatty BP II fol. 15 + 90. Col 3:16 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 62 if by Paul (authorship debated) — Paul writes to the Colossians: “Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly”

  189. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Epistle to the Ephesians” (traditionally Paul, Rome, c. AD 62; resembles Colossians; Philemon same period; 1:1 names Paul; 6:10–24 armour + Tychicus; many modern scholars dispute authorship, date 70–100; defenders incl. Westcott, Hort, Bruce, Stott; Hoehner 2002 survey of 279 commentaries: 54% for, 39% against, 7% uncertain; Muratorian fragment attributes it to Paul). Plate: 𝔓49, 3rd c. Eph 6:20 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 62 (traditional date) — Paul writes to the Ephesians, “an ambassador in bonds”: the letter that names the whole armour of God

  190. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Epistle to the Galatians” (Paul to churches of Galatia; Gentiles and the Mosaic law, circumcision; early stage, no developed organisation; majority late 40s–early 50s, some c. 50–60, Jordan argues 48 before the Jerusalem council; south province vs north ethnic Galatia; P46 c. 200 earliest near-complete copy). Plate: P46 fol. 158r. Gal 1:2, 1:11–12 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late 40s – early 50s (dates debated) — Paul writes to the churches of Galatia: “not after man … but by the revelation of Jesus Christ”

  191. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Epistle to the Hebrews” (anonymous; placed with Paul in most Greek MSS, Peshitta, some Old Latin; modern view author unknown; polished Greek; exhortation to persevere; Cath. Encyc. late 63/early 64; Attridge, Aitken 70–100). Origen quoted from Eusebius HE VI.25.14, NPNF (newadvent.org/fathers/250106.htm). Plate: P13. Heb 4:12 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 63–64, or 70–100 (debated) — The Epistle to the Hebrews: the word of God “sharper than any twoedged sword”

  192. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Epistle to the Philippians” (Paul with Timothy; first visit on 2nd journey c. 50–52; written in custody; Ephesus 52–55 or Caesarea 57–59 possible, most likely Rome c. 62; composite-fragments view since 1960s; material authentically Pauline, 50s or early 60s). Plate: P16, 3rd/4th c. Phil 1:1, 3:14 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 62 (50s–early 60s; place debated) — Paul writes to the Philippians from his bonds: “I press toward the mark”

  193. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Epistle to the Romans” (longest of 13 Pauline epistles; consensus Paul; house of Gaius, Corinth; amanuensis Tertius; late 55–early 57; 14/15-chapter recensions; subscripts naming Corinth + Phoebe; Spain via Rome; sola fide and RC readings; Tyndale prologue from Luther, quoted). Plate: P40, 3rd c. Rom 1:16, 15:24, 16:1, 16:22–23 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late AD 55 – early 57 — Paul writes to the Romans from Corinth: “the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth”

  194. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Epistle to Titus” (Titus in Gal 2; left in Crete; requirements of elders; critics mostly 80–100; amanuensis view; close affinity with 1 Tim) and “Papyrus 32” (Titus 1:11–15; 2:3–8; c. AD 200). Traditional date: Easton (1897), “Titus, Epistle to” (about the same time as 1 Tim, after Paul’s release and visit to Crete). Titus 1:9 KJV verified.

    Cited for: by tradition the mid-60s AD (authorship debated) — Paul writes to Titus in Crete: “Holding fast the faithful word”

  195. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Eusebian Canons” (c. 1165 sections: Matt 355, Mark 235, Luke 343, John 232; letter to Carpianus; Ammonius c. 220; ten tables; margins from 5th c.; sections now ascribed to Eusebius). Plate: London Canon Tables, BL Add MS 5111, 6th–7th c. (Wikipedia “London Canon Tables”: numbers differ from other copies). Luke 1:3 KJV verified.

    Cited for: early 4th century (Eusebius of Caesarea, d. c. 340) — Eusebius sets the four Gospels side by side: the canon tables

  196. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “First Bible of Charles the Bald” (BnF Lat. 1; commissioned 845 by Count Vivian, lay abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours; presented 846; 495×345 mm, 423 folios; third Tours Bible after Bamberg and Moutier-Grandval; David frontispiece). Plate: fol. 367v, initial to Acts (Gallica btv1b8455903b). Acts 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 845–846 — The Vivian Bible: a whole Bible from the scriptorium of Tours

  197. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “First Epistle of John” (no epistolary opening; “little children”; traditionally John the Evangelist at Ephesus in old age; no consensus; probably Ephesus 95–110; Muratorian cites 1:1–3; P9 3rd c.) and “Third Epistle of John” (Marshall 60s–90s; Polycarp and Papias quote 1–2 John). 1 John 4:11 and 5:13 KJV verified.

    Cited for: probably c. AD 95–110, at Ephesus — The First Epistle of John: “that ye may know that ye have eternal life”

  198. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “First Epistle of Peter” (addressees in five provinces; Babylon = Rome; Silvanus 5:12; most scholars: Roman tradition associated with Peter; Jobes leans to Peter) and Britannica, “Letters of Peter” (authorship “has not been solved”; primitive church order suggests early composition; possibly a secretary; perhaps early 2nd c.). Tradition: Peter died in the 60s under Nero (Wikipedia, “Second Epistle of Peter”). Plate: “Papyrus 81” (4th c.). 1 Pet 1:25 KJV verified.

    Cited for: by tradition the early 60s AD (date and authorship debated) — Peter writes to the scattered churches: “the word of the Lord endureth for ever”

  199. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “First Epistle to the Corinthians” (issues: divisions, immorality, marriage, idol food, worship, gifts, resurrection; Pauline authorship undisputed; Sosthenes co-sender; own-hand greeting; written at Ephesus, usually 53–57, more likely the extended stay; 5:9 earlier letter). Plate: P46 fol. 79v. 1 Cor 2:13 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 53–57, from Ephesus — Paul writes 1 Corinthians from Ephesus: “not in the words which man’s wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Ghost teacheth”

  200. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “First Epistle to the Thessalonians” (converts turned from idols; most scholars: from Corinth months after leaving; subscriptions in Alexandrinus etc. say Athens; majority 49–51 during 18 months at Corinth; among first NT books, earliest extant Christian text; Gallio inscription; most regard as authentic). Plate: P65, 3rd c. 1 Thess 1:9, 2:13 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 49–51 — Paul writes 1 Thessalonians: the word received “not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God”

  201. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “First Epistle to Timothy” (counsels on church order; most modern scholars post-Pauline, “small and declining number” defend Paul; Marcion excluded Pastorals; Muratorian, Irenaeus, Eusebius “undisputed”; Polycarp probably knew 1–2 Tim; late 1st – first half 2nd c.). Traditional date: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897), “Timothy, First Epistle to” (A.D. 66 or 67, from Macedonia). 1 Tim 4:13 KJV verified.

    Cited for: by tradition the mid-60s AD (authorship debated) — Paul writes 1 Timothy: “give attendance to reading, to exhortation, to doctrine”

  202. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Francis Parris” (citing Norton, A Textual History of the King James Bible, 2005, and McKitterick, 1984): Syndics’ aim; Bentham 1740; editions 1743, 1756–58, 1760; Titus 2:13 comma; 1762 and 1763 reprints; Blayney 1769. F. H. A. Scrivener, Cambridge Paragraph Bible (1873, PD), Introduction, on the italics, via biblia.com/books/av1873/article/INTRO.3 (Blayney’s report; “Nor can the correctness…”). Titus 2:13 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1743 · 1760 · 1762 — Dr Parris’s Cambridge text: the King James Bible made ready for Blayney

  203. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener” (1813–1891; Codex Bezae; Sinaiticus collation; TR vs Stephanus/Beza/Elzevir; Byzantine advocate; Cambridge Paragraph Bible 1873; RV committee; doubted some passages) + “Textus Receptus” (Scrivener 1894 edition of the KJV translators’ readings). Plate: frontispiece, Plain Introduction (1894). 1 Pet 1:25 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1873 · 1894 — F. H. A. Scrivener: the Cambridge Paragraph Bible and the Greek text behind the KJV

  204. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Garima Gospels” (Geʽez; tradition of Abba Garima, 494, one day; earlier c. 1100 dating; radiocarbon Garima 2 c. 390–570 and Garima 1 c. 530–660; oldest Ethiopian MSS; earliest complete illuminated Christian MS; Greek text-base; early Byzantine text-type; never left the monastery). Year filed as c. 500 for ordering only.

    Cited for: c. 390–660 (radiocarbon) — The Garima Gospels: the four Gospels in Ethiopic

  205. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Geneva Bible” (the Marian exiles, Whittingham and Coverdale, 1557 and 1560, Roman type, editions, the Mayflower, the Calvinist notes and King James, reliance by the KJV translators, “Breeches Bible”). Page contents per the Houghton Library description on the Commons file record.

    Cited for: 1560 (Geneva) — The Geneva Bible of 1560: Genesis and the garden of Eden (The Gallery)

  206. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Gennady’s Bible” (first full manuscript translation of the Bible into Church Slavonic, 1499; State Historical Museum, Moscow; Gennady archbishop of Novgorod and Pskov r. 1484–1504; response partly to the Judaizers; earlier only separate, incomplete translations; missing books translated from the Vulgate with the monk Veniamin incl. Tobit, Judith, 1–2 Maccabees; main source of the Ostrog Bible). Ostrog date 1581: Wikipedia “Ostrog Bible”. Ps 119:105 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1499 — Gennady’s Bible: the first complete Bible in Church Slavonic

  207. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “George Liele” (citing W. H. Brooks, The Silver Bluff Church, 1910; J. W. Davis, “George Liele and Andrew Bryan,” Journal of Negro History 3, 1918). Ordination (1775) and the Erskine quotation per Baptist World Alliance, “George Liele, first Baptist missionary” (baptistworld.org/news/george-liele, 5 July 2013). See D. T. Shannon et al., George Liele’s Legacy (Mercer, 2013). No authentic portrait is known.

    Cited for: 1773 · 1783 · 1792 — George Liele: from Savannah to Kingston

  208. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Gero Codex” (probably Reichenau, 950–970; among the first and finest of the Eburnant group; four evangelists; Anno → Gero (probably of Cologne) → St Peter; Christ in Majesty copied from a Carolingian model, cf. Lorsch Gospels; Darmstadt Cod. 1948). John 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 950–970 — The Gero Codex: an early Ottonian Gospel book from Reichenau

  209. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Giovanni Diodati” (b. Geneva 3 June 1576, Lucchese exiles; professor of Hebrew at 21 on Beza’s recommendation; succeeded Beza in theology; Italian Bible 1603, with notes 1607, revised 1641; Annotationes, English 1643; reference version of Italian Protestants). John 5:39 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1603 · 1607 — Giovanni Diodati’s Italian Bible, translated from the Hebrew and Greek

  210. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Glossa Ordinaria” (commentaries in the form of glosses drawn mostly from the Church Fathers, arranged in the 12th c.; not one coherent work; school of Anselm of Laon (d. 1117) and Ralph; Gilbert the Universal; standard form at Paris in second half of 12th c.; misattributed to Walafrid Strabo; standard reference into Early Modern period, supplemented by Hugh of St Cher and Lyra; first printed Strasbourg 1480/1). Neh 8:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 12th century (standard form at Paris, later 1100s) — The Glossa Ordinaria: the Bible with the fathers in its margins

  211. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Godescalc Evangelistary” (BnF nouv. acq. lat. 1203; commissioned by Charlemagne and Hildegard 7 Oct 781, completed 30 Apr 783; earliest from the Court School; dedication poem; gold and silver ink, 127 pp. purple parchment; Caroline minuscule; 4 evangelists, Christ in Majesty, Fountain of Life; correction of Psalters and Gospel books). Ps 36:9 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 7 October 781 – 30 April 783 — The Godescalc Evangelistary: the Gospel readings in gold and silver on purple

  212. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Gospel of John” (seven signs to Lazarus; final week, farewell discourse; beloved disciple; most scholars: completed 90–100; traditional attribution first in Irenaeus, many affirm, most reject). Irenaeus, Against Heresies III.1.1 (ANF, newadvent.org/fathers/0103301.htm), quoted verbatim. Plate: P90, late 2nd c. John 18:37, 21:24 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 90–100 — The Gospel according to John is written: the last of the four, “that ye might believe”

  213. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Gospel of Luke” (birth to ascension; with Acts 27.5% of NT; prologue to Theophilus; anonymous; Irenaeus: Luke, Paul’s companion; opinion evenly divided, most hold author met Paul; used Mark; most common date 80–90) and “Papyrus 4” (late 2nd–4th c.). Luke 1:3–4 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 80–90 (dates debated) — The Gospel according to Luke: “that thou mightest know the certainty of those things”

  214. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Gospel of Mark” (baptism to empty tomb; most scholars earliest gospel; anonymous but uniform superscription; Papias: Mark, Peter’s interpreter; authorship debated; Rome, Gentile audience; Mark 13 dating, most 65–70, plurality 71–75; eyewitness lifetime) and “Papyrus 45”. Mark 13:31 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 65–75 (dates debated) — The Gospel according to Mark: “my words shall not pass away”

  215. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Gospel of Matthew” (birth to Great Commission; Messiah, Son of David, Son of God; Papias first attribution; most scholars anonymous Jewish author, last quarter 1st c.; traditional view has defenders; Wright, Wenham 40s–50s; Syria/Antioch) and “Papyrus 104” (2nd c., among earliest texts of Matthew). Matt 5:18 KJV verified.

    Cited for: last quarter of the 1st century (some argue AD 40s–50s) — The Gospel according to Matthew: “one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law”

  216. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Gospels of Henry the Lion” (Helmarshausen; altar of the Virgin, St Blaise Brunswick, dedicated 1188; early dating c. 1175 vs late dating c. 1188 (current balance); 266 pp., 50 full-page miniatures; Sotheby’s 6 Dec 1983, £8,140,000; most expensive book until 1994; Herzog August Bibliothek, shown once every two years). The coronation page is not used. Mark 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1188 (once dated c. 1175) — The Gospels of Henry the Lion: a Romanesque masterpiece of the four Gospels

  217. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Gospels of Saint-Médard de Soissons” (BnF MS lat. 8850; 9th c.; Court/Ada School; given before 827 by Louis the Pious and Judith to Saint-Médard; at Soissons until the Revolution; Vulgate Gospels, Eusebian canon tables, prefaces; 239 ff., 362 × 267 mm; 12 decorated canon-table pages, 6 full-page miniatures, 4 decorative pages; Fountain of Life after Godescalc). John 4:14 KJV verified.

    Cited for: before 827 — The Gospels of Saint-Médard de Soissons: the Fountain of Life in a court Gospel book

  218. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander” (1355–56; scribe the monk Simeon, colophon f. 275; 286 folios, 366 miniatures; ≥3 artists; Gospel book with lectionary markings; original binding; Moldavia after 1393; Agiou Pavlou, Athos; Curzon 1837; fire 1905; BM loan 1876, gift 1917; BL Add MS 39627; f. 74 stolen; UNESCO MoW 2017). Mark 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1355–1356 — The Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander: the four Gospels in 366 pictures

  219. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Great Bible” (citing Herbert, Darlow & Moule, Historical Catalogue of Printed Editions of the English Bible, 1968; Kenyon in Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible, 1909). Date and royal order also per Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Great Bible.”

    Cited for: April 1539 — The Great Bible: the first English Bible authorized for the churches; 1540 (London; first edition 1539) — The Great Bible: the opening of Romans (The Gallery)

  220. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Hanserd Knollys” (incorporating A. Gordon, Dictionary of National Biography, 1892, public domain; citing K. G. C. Newport, Oxford DNB, 2004). See also D. C. Bustin, Paradox and Perseverance (2006).

    Cited for: 1646–1691 — Hanserd Knollys: scholar, schoolmaster and Particular Baptist pastor

  221. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Harklean version” (616, Enaton, Byzantine affinities, partly based on the Philoxenian); “Thomas of Harqel” (Qenneshre, Mabbug, exile, Athanasios I, the five books added); “Philoxenian version” (508). No plate: no licensed image of a Harklean manuscript was found on Commons.

    Cited for: 616 — Thomas of Harqel completes the Harklean Syriac New Testament

  222. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Harley Golden Gospels” (British Library, Harley MS 2788; Carolingian Gospel Book c. 800–825, probably Aachen; Ada School; four pairs of full-page Evangelist portraits and Incipit pages; canon tables; text in gold ink). Plate f. 161v (John), CC0. Ps 19:10 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 800–825 — The Harley Golden Gospels: the four Gospels written in gold ink

  223. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Hatton Gospels” (late 12th/early 13th c.; West Saxon OE Gospels; prob. Canterbury; copied from an extant MS itself a copy; from the Vulgate; lacks Luke 16:12–17:1, fol. 62 supplied via John Parker; Hatton; Bodleian 1671). Order Mk–Lk–Mt–Jn and Junius 1665 per Bodleian/EM1060 and “Old English Bible translations”. No plate. Luke 24:45 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late 12th or early 13th century — The Hatton Gospels: the four Gospels in Old English, still being copied more than a century after the Conquest

  224. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Heliand” (Old Saxon, first half of 9th c., probably c. 830 at Louis the Pious’s request; c. 6,000 lines; based on the pseudo-Tatian harmony; knew Alcuin, Bede, Rabanus; Praefatio printed by Flacius 1562, generally authentic; Cotton and Munich MSS, neumes in Munich; four fragments, Leipzig 2006). The Saxon-wars and “warrior” readings are deliberately not used. Ps 119:130 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 830 (first half of the 9th century) — The Heliand: the life of Christ, “the Saviour”, sung in Old Saxon verse

  225. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Hexapla” (compiled before 240; six columns; Origen’s own statement of purpose on the obelus and asterisk; survival in fragments and in the Syro-Hexaplar; the Hexapla Institute editorial board incl. Meade, Midwestern BTS, and Gentry, Southern BTS).

    Cited for: before c. 240 — Origen’s Hexapla: the Old Testament in six columns

  226. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Historia scholastica” (Petrus Comestor; c. 1173; Notre-Dame school, Paris; “Medieval Popular Bible”; draws on Bible, classical scholars and Fathers; curriculum at Paris and Oxford; 800+ MSS 1175–15th c.; basis of Bible historiale, Rijmbijbel, Weltchronik; printed c. 1470). Plate: Boston Public Library MS via DPLA, France, 1175–1199. Prov 30:5–6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1173 — Peter Comestor’s Historia Scholastica: the “popular Bible” of the medieval schools, and its limits

  227. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Hitda Codex” (evangeliary; commissioned by Hitda, abbess of Meschede, c. 1020; Darmstadt, Hessische Landesbibliothek MS 1640; Cologne school, late Ottonian; only surviving Cologne Life of Christ cycle; healing miniatures listed; image-and-inscription pairing unique). Commons dates the plate 1000–1040. Heb 13:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1000–1020 — The Hitda Codex: a Cologne Gospel book of Christ’s miracles, made for the abbess of Meschede

  228. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Holkham Bible” (BL Add MS 47682; England, decades before 1350; for an unidentified Dominican friar; 42 ff., 231 tinted drawings; Anglo-Norman captions, sometimes verse; Genesis to Flood, Jesse Trees, evangelists, Life of Christ, Last Things; f. 1r friar and artist; contemporary English settings; biblical and apocryphal stories; Coke of Holkham 1816; BL 1952). Hab 2:2 KJV verified. No plate: candidates rejected on tone/provenance.

    Cited for: c. 1320s–1340s (before 1350) — The Holkham Bible Picture Book: Genesis and the life of Christ in pictures with French captions

  229. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Hugh of Saint-Cher” (c. 1200–1263; Dominican, Paris, Master of Theology 1230; “directed the compilation of the first Bible concordance (of the Vulgate), completed in 1230”; first correctorium, Correctio Biblie, collated Latin versions, commentaries and Hebrew MSS; Postillae juxta quadruplicem sensum). Portrait: Commons description (Tommaso da Modena 1352, anachronistic spectacles). Acts 17:11 KJV verified.

    Cited for: completed c. 1230 — Hugh of Saint-Cher and the first concordance of the Bible

  230. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Ignatius of Antioch” (bishop of Antioch; died c. 108 en route to Rome; seven letters incl. Ephesians; modelled on the epistles of Paul, Peter and John, “quoting or paraphrasing these apostles’ works freely”; quotes 1 Cor 1:18; authenticity debated, Ruis-Camps argues for four; role of bishops). Quotation from To the Ephesians 12, ANF trans., https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0104.htm. Eph 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 107–110 — Ignatius of Antioch writes to the Ephesians and names Paul’s letters

  231. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Ilston Book” (citing B. G. Owens, ed., The Ilston Book, NLW, 1996), “John Myles (minister)” and “First Baptist Church in Swansea.” The date 1 October 1649, the Butterworth meeting, its seven members and the Plymouth court records of 2 July and 30 October 1667 per H. M. King, Rev. John Myles and the Founding of the First Baptist Church in Massachusetts (1905), baptisthistoryhomepage.com/myles.john.by.king.html. Public domain.

    Cited for: 1 October 1649 · 1663 — John Myles: from Ilston to Swansea

  232. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Immanuel Tremellius” (1510 – 9 Oct 1580; Ferrara; convert; Strasbourg, Cambridge Regius Professor 1549, Heidelberg 1561; OT with Junius, Frankfurt 1575–79, London 1580; folio notes, Syriac NT, Beza NT; used by Milton, Donne, Ussher; dying words per Morison). Rom 3:2 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1575–1579 — Tremellius and Junius: a Latin Old Testament made fresh from the Hebrew

  233. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Imperial helmet” (citing H. Russell Robinson, The Armour of Imperial Rome, 1975).

    Cited for: 1st century AD — A legionary helmet of the Weisenau type (The Gallery)

  234. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Isaiah Scroll” (Qumran Cave 1, 1946–47; 17 sheets, c. 734 cm, 54 columns; entire Isaiah bar small damage; palaeographic 150–100 / scribal hand 125–100 BCE, radiocarbon 356–103 BC; c. 1000 years older than prior MSS; “generally consistent with the Masoretic version”, 66 chapters same sequence; variants mostly minor; 1QIsab closer to MT; Shrine of the Book). Isa 40:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 125 BC (found 1947) — The Great Isaiah Scroll: the whole of Isaiah, a thousand years older than any copy then known

  235. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Jacob of Edessa” (c. 640–708; Qenneshre; Eusebona 11 years; Tel ʿAde, nine years revising the Peshitta OT with the Greek; Wright’s phrase quoted; five volumes; last OT revision; Syriac Massorah; five vowel signs; Letter to George of Serugh; “Interpreter of the Scriptures”; recalled 708, died four months later). No plate (none of his own manuscripts on Commons). Matt 5:18 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 700 (d. 708) — Jacob of Edessa: faithful in the smallest marks of the text

  236. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Jan Hus” (Bethlehem preacher 1402; Czech writings and orthography; Constance; the wish to be convinced from Scripture is paraphrased from its account; 6 July 1415; influence on Luther); “Bethlehem Chapel” (founded 1391, Czech only, c. 3,000, Hus preacher March 1402). The later wars are deliberately omitted. John 17:17 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1402 · 1415 — Jan Hus preaches in the common tongue at the Bethlehem Chapel, Prague

  237. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “João Ferreira de Almeida” (1628–1691; convert at 14, translating at 16; Dutch Reformed; Java and Goa; NT 1681, 1693, 1711; OT completed by Jacobus op den Akker; formal equivalence; Textus Receptus basis, Beza’s Latin; most-used Portuguese evangelical Bible). Acts 2:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1681 — João Ferreira de Almeida: the New Testament in Portuguese

  238. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Johannes Mentelin” (Strasbourg, c. 1458, B49 Latin Bible 1460, first German Bible 1466); “Bible translations into German” (14th-c. Nuremberg-area translation of the Vulgate, lost MS, at least 13 reprints by 1518). Ps 119:130 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1466 — Johannes Mentelin prints the first Bible in German

  239. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “John Chrysostom” (c. 347–407; Bible memorised; Antioch 386–397; archbishop of Constantinople; c. 600 sermons; Homilies on Ephesians; Adversus Judaeos 386–387). Quotations: Homilies on Ephesians 23 and 24, NPNF1 vol. 13, newadvent.org/fathers/230123.htm and 230124.htm. Eph 6:13 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late 4th century (d. 407) — John Chrysostom preaches on the whole armour of God

  240. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “John Gill (theologian)” (citing Rippon, Brief Memoir, 1838; Toon, 1967; Nettles, 1986; George, 1990; New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia, 1914).

    Cited for: 1719 · 1746–1763 — John Gill: pastor in Southwark and expositor of the whole Bible

  241. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “John Wycliffe” (Lutterworth living 1374; Scripture as authoritative centre; stroke 28 Dec 1384; Constance 4 May 1415, Martin V, exhumation 1428, “Wycliffe’s corpse, or a neighbour’s”, ashes in the Swift); “Richard Fleming (bishop)” (entrusted with the decree, delayed over a decade). Isa 40:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 4 May 1415 · 1428 — Constance condemns Wycliffe; his remains are burned and cast into the Swift

  242. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Joseph Hughes (Baptist)” (1769–1833; baptised by Stennett; Bristol Academy tutor; Battersea; 1803 Excellence of the Holy Scriptures; “If Wales, why not the world?”; one of three secretaries with Owen and Steinkopff) + “British and Foreign Bible Society” (7 Mar 1804; Mohawk John; 1825–26 and 1831 controversies; 215m by 1909). Ps 96:3 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 7 March 1804 — The British and Foreign Bible Society is formed, with a Baptist minister as one of its first secretaries

  243. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Junius manuscript” (Bodleian MS Junius 11; poems Genesis, Exodus, Daniel, Christ and Satan (modern titles); anonymous; Cædmon attribution discarded; c. 1000 by palaeography, 960–1000 for Liber I per recent work (Lockett 2002); Winchester-style drawings, unfinished; Junius ed. 1655, bequeathed to Oxford). Gen 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 960–1000 (long dated c. 1000) — The Junius manuscript: Genesis, Exodus and Daniel in Old English verse

  244. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Ketef Hinnom scrolls” (citing G. Barkay et al., Near Eastern Archaeology 66/4, 2003, and BASOR 334, 2004; J. Renz and W. Röllig, 1995; New York Times, 28 Sept 2004; J. Davila, 2004; J. Smoak, Vetus Testamentum 60, 2010). Num 6:24–26 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 600 BC (found 1979) — The Ketef Hinnom silver amulets: the Priestly Blessing (The Gallery)

  245. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “King James Version” (commission, the 47 translators and six companies, source texts, Robert Barker’s printing and price, black-letter type, the rule on supplied words, the 1769 standardisation); “Textus Receptus” (the editions used, with the Complutensian). Spurgeon, sermon No. 660 (MTP vol. 11; 12 November 1865): The Spurgeon Library × Answers in Genesis.

    Cited for: 1611 (London) — The King James Bible of 1611: Genesis 1 (The Gallery)

  246. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Lambeth Bible” (c. 1150–1170; Lambeth Palace MS 3, Genesis–Job, 328 leaves, since 1610; Maidstone Museum MS P.5, Psalms–Revelation; correct pairing found 1924; provenance debated: Christ Church / St Augustine’s Canterbury, Faversham per de Hamel; influence of Master Hugo). Isa 11:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1150–1170 — The Lambeth Bible: a giant Bible parted for centuries and matched again

  247. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “León Bible of 960” (Codex Biblicus Legionensis; Valeránica, Tordómar; colophon 19 June 960, Sanctus and Florentius; Visigothic minuscule, 2 cols; Latin + Arabic glosses; Christ in majesty + genealogy tables; ~80 OT images; San Isidoro, route unknown, perhaps Ferdinand I and Sancha). Plate: Genesis initial. Gen 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 19 June 960 — The León Bible of 960: a Bible of both Testaments finished on a known day in Christian Spain

  248. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Leningrad Codex” (colophon: Cairo 1008 or 1009, from ben Asher MSS; Samuel ben Jacob wrote consonants, vowels and masora; oldest complete Tiberian codex surviving intact; most faithful after Aleppo; contradicts its masora in hundreds of places; sold Fustat 1134; Firkovich, Odessa 1838; St Petersburg 1863; Biblia Hebraica 1937, BHS, BHQ; sixteen decorated pages). 1 Pet 1:25 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1008 (or 1009) — The Leningrad Codex: the oldest complete Hebrew Bible; AD 1008 (or 1009) — The Leningrad Codex: Genesis 15 (The Gallery)

  249. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Leskovec-Dresden Bible” (Bible leskovecko-drážďanská; oldest known MS of the complete Bible in Czech, from Latin; oldest complete Bible in any Slavic language; c. 1365–1375, date uncertain because Charles IV forbade translating Scripture; destroyed by fire in Leuven 1914 while sent to be photographed; about one third survives in photographs; facsimile Rothe/Kyas/Scholz, Paderborn 1993). Acts 2:8 KJV verified. No plate.

    Cited for: c. 1360s–1370s (date uncertain) — The Leskovec–Dresden Bible: the first whole Bible in Czech, and in any Slavic tongue

  250. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Lichfield Gospels” (8th-c. Insular Gospel book; 236 pages, 8 illuminated; Old Welsh marginalia among the earliest known; Peter Lord dates c. 730, style 698–800; at St Teilo’s church in the 9th c.; at Lichfield by the late 10th c.; origin debated: Ireland, Northumbria, Wales, Lichfield). Luke 1:4 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 730 (by style, 698–800) — The Lichfield (St Chad) Gospels: the Gospels, and the oldest written Welsh

  251. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Lindisfarne Gospels” (BL Cotton MS Nero D.IV; Eadfrith; c. 715 vs. pre-698; Aldred’s gloss and colophon; oldest extant English Gospels), and “Old English Bible translations” (gloss dated 950–970).

    Cited for: c. 715 · gloss c. 950–970 — The Lindisfarne Gospels, and the oldest English Gospels between their lines

  252. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Lott Cary” (citing the NRHP nomination “Lott Cary Birth Site,” Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, 1980; W. J. Simmons, Men of Mark, 1887; J. B. Taylor, Biography of Elder Lott Cary, 1837; International Ministries, “Lott Carey,” 2022).

    Cited for: 1815 · 1821 — Lott Cary sails for Africa

  253. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Lucian of Antioch” (c. 240 – 7 Jan 312; presbyter of Antioch; recension of the LXX and Greek NT, popular in Syria, Asia Minor and Constantinople, used by Chrysostom, “lies at the basis of the textus receptus” (text incorporated from Catholic Encyclopedia 1913); Jerome’s criticism; merits undecidable; Arian claims, theology disputed; refused to renounce the faith under Maximinus Daia). Prov 30:5 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 240 – 7 January 312 — Lucian of Antioch: the Greek text read at Antioch and Constantinople

  254. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Luther Bible” (Wartburg 4 May 1521 – 3 March 1522; eleven weeks; earlier translations literal from the Vulgate, Luther phrase-by-phrase; Greek and Latin sources incl. Erasmus 1519; Melanchthon; printed September 1522; earlier German Bibles, Mentelin 1466; influence on High German). Rom 1:17 KJV verified.

    Cited for: September 1522 — Martin Luther’s “September Testament”: the New Testament in German from the Greek; 1534 — The complete Luther Bible is printed at Wittenberg

  255. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Luther Rice” (read in full); cross-checked against the Reformed Reader biographical summary (reformedreader.org/rice.htm; facts only, nothing quoted). Death date and place differ between them. KJV: Matthew 9:37–38.

    Cited for: 1812 · 1813 · 1814 · 1821 · 1836 — Luther Rice: from Calcutta to the Baptist Cause in America, 1812–1836

  256. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Mac Durnan Gospels” (Lambeth Palace MS 1370; Ireland, 9th or 10th c.; four Gospels, Vulgate, Irish minuscule, no prologues; text close to Echternach and Armagh; cross with Evangelist symbols; four portraits; f. 3v inscription: Máel Brigte mac Tornáin, abbot of Armagh from 888, d. 927, dedicated it to God; Æthelstan gave it to Christ Church, Canterbury; Parker by 1574; Lambeth catalogues 1932). Ps 12:6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th or 10th century (Armagh) — The Mac Durnan Gospels: an Armagh Gospel book dedicated to God, then carried to Canterbury

  257. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Magdalen papyrus” (P. Magdalen Greek 17 = 𝔓64; bought in Luxor 1901 by C. B. Huleatt; Matt 26:23, 31; codex, written both sides; 𝔓67 Barcelona, 1956, same codex; Roberts 1953 c. 200, confirmed by Bell, Skeat, Turner; estimates 1st–4th c.; Thiede 1994 mid-1st c., viewed with scepticism by nearly all). Matt 24:35 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 200 (date debated) — The Magdalen papyrus: scraps of Matthew 26 from an early Gospel codex

  258. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Marcion of Sinope” (c. 85–c. 160; distinct “vengeful” creator god; excommunicated at Rome c. 144; canon of ten Pauline epistles without the Pastorals + Gospel of Marcion, claimed edited Luke; earliest record of a NT canon; catalyst for the canon; Justin, Irenaeus, Tertullian; Klinghardt view contested). Plate: Morgan MS M.748 fol. 150v, ID per Eisler 1938. Rev 22:19 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 144 — Marcion cuts down the Scriptures, and the churches hold to the whole

  259. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Mary Jones and her Bible” (1784–1864; weaver’s daughter, Llanfihangel-y-Pennant; Charles’s circulating schools; saved six years; spring 1800, 26 miles barefoot to Bala; two versions of the outcome; tradition that her visit moved Charles; Calvinistic Methodist parents). Plate: The Sunday at Home, 7 Dec 1878. Ps 119:72 KJV verified.

    Cited for: Spring 1800 — Mary Jones walks to Bala for a Welsh Bible of her own

  260. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Matthew Bible” (Rogers as “Thomas Matthew”; Tyndale’s and Coverdale’s shares; Daniell; Strype on Hamburg; Herbert) and “John Rogers (Bible editor and martyr)” (Paris and Antwerp; Grafton, 1,500 copies; Cranmer and the licence; 4 February 1555). The 1537 wording was read from the plate itself (djvu page 525).

    Cited for: 1537 — The Matthew Bible of 1537: loins girt with truth (The Gallery)

  261. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Mesrop Mashtots” (dates c. 362–440; alphabet c. 405; Koriun as chief source; the Scripture version: Isaac from Syriac c. 411 per Moses of Chorene, retranslation from Greek per LXX and Hexapla, completed c. 434).

    Cited for: c. 405 – c. 434 — Mesrop Mashtots: an alphabet made for the Bible in Armenian

  262. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Mikraot Gedolot” (Bomberg 1516–17, Felix Pratensis, errors; second edition by Jacob ben Hayyim, four volumes, Masoretic notes; Ginsburg on the ben Asher text; model for nearly all later editions; source for the KJV Hebrew Bible and Reina Valera). Rom 3:2 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1524–25 — Daniel Bomberg prints Jacob ben Hayyim’s Rabbinic Bible at Venice

  263. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Codex Basiliensis A. N. IV. 1” (date, contents and layout, Byzantine text-type, the florin note, custody since 1559, Erasmus’s use in 1516, the red chalk and its attribution, his corrections, Minuscule 1, the path into the Textus Receptus).

    Cited for: copied 11th or 12th century · marked for the press 1515–16 — Minuscule 2: the Gospels Erasmus sent to the press (The Gallery)

  264. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Miroslav Gospel” (362 pp.; Serbian recension of Church Slavonic, Cyrillic; commissioned 1180 by Prince Miroslav of Hum, brother of Stefan Nemanja; transcribed in Kotor 1186–1190; scribe from Zeta + Grigorije; Hilandar; leaf cut 1845 by Porphyrius Uspensky; given to Alexander I 1896; National Museum of Serbia; UNESCO Memory of the World 2005). John 20:31 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1180 (copied c. 1186–1190) — The Miroslav Gospel: the Gospel readings in the Serbian form of Church Slavonic

  265. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Mokvi Gospels” (Georgian, nuskhuri; 1300; monk Ephraim at Mokvi, for Archbishop Daniel; 157 miniatures + 4 Evangelists on gold leaf, 10 canon tables; Naumann/Belting: trained in Constantinople; Gelati 1880s; Takaishvili to France 1921, returned 1945; Q-902, Tbilisi; conserved 2015; UNESCO MoW). Mark 9:7 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1300 — The Mokvi Gospels: the four Gospels in Georgian, with 157 pictures on gold

  266. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Mstislav Gospel” (12th-c. four Gospels in Old Church Slavonic on 213 parchment leaves; commissioned by Mstislav the Great; scribe Alexa; for a Novgorod church; miniatures with gold; treasure binding 1551 with Byzantine and Russian miniatures; later in the Kremlin; State Historical Museum, Moscow). Luke 11:28 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 12th century — The Mstislav Gospel: the four Gospels in Old Church Slavonic for Novgorod

  267. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Muratorian fragment” (discovery, manuscript, contents, dating debate: Metzger and Hill for the 2nd century, Sundberg 1973 for the 4th). Words in quotation marks are from the fragment as translated there.

    Cited for: c. 170–200 (disputed) — The Muratorian fragment: an early list of New Testament books

  268. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Nash Papyrus” (four fragments, one sheet, 24 lines; Decalogue combining Exod 20:2–17 and Deut 5:6–21, then the Shema; W. L. Nash, Cambridge University Library 1903; Cook 1903; redated c. 150–100 BCE; oldest Hebrew MS before 1947; differs from the Masoretic Text, nearer the Septuagint; likely liturgical). Deut 6:4 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 150–100 BC — The Nash Papyrus: the Ten Commandments and the Shema in Hebrew; c. 150–100 BC (first described 1903) — The Nash Papyrus: the Ten Commandments and the Shema (The Gallery)

  269. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “New Park Street Chapel”; Spurgeon’s age (19) per The Spurgeon Library (spurgeon.org).

    Cited for: 1854 — Charles Haddon Spurgeon is called to New Park Street, Southwark

  270. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Nicholas of Lyra” (c. 1270–1349; Sorbonne by 1309; Postillae, first printed commentary, Rome 1471; literal sense; correct from Hebrew; Rashi; most consulted to 16th c.; Luther, Lectures on Genesis; submission to the Church; tract used in On the Jews and Their Lies). Also Catholic Encyclopedia (1911), newadvent.org/cathen/11063a.htm (second prologue). 2 Tim 2:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: early 14th century (first printed 1471) — Nicholas of Lyra and the plain, literal sense of Scripture

  271. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Nicolò Malermi” (c. 1422–1481; Camaldolese c. 1470; translated 1471 at San Matteo near Murano; first printed Italian Bible, from the Latin; deuterocanonical books; eight months, with Lorenzo da Venezia and Squarciafico; adapted 14th-c. versions; illustrated 1490 Venice edition). Plate: MET, 1490 ed., vol. II, John 20–21 (CC0). John 20:31 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1471 — Nicolò Malermi’s Bible, the first printed Bible in Italian

  272. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Novum Instrumentum omne” (citing B. M. Metzger, H. J. de Jonge and E. Rummel); SMU Bridwell Library, “The First Published New Testament in Greek” (BRA2476). Image: Universitätsbibliothek Basel, BibG B 3, public domain, via Early Printed Books. Matt 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1516 (Basel: Johann Froben; finished 1 March 1516) — Erasmus’s Novum Instrumentum: the first published Greek New Testament (The Gallery)

  273. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Obadiah Holmes” (citing J. T. Holmes, 1915; Austin, 1887; Bicknell, 2005). Image intentionally omitted.

    Cited for: September 1651 — Obadiah Holmes suffers for conscience in Boston

  274. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Old English Hexateuch” (collaborative; presumably edited by Ælfric of Eynsham, d. c. 1010; first English vernacular translation of Genesis–Joshua; probably for lay people; seven MSS; Cotton Claudius B.iv, 2nd quarter 11th c., St Augustine’s Canterbury; 394 drawings, c. 550 scenes; earliest illustrated MS of a large part of the Bible in any vernacular). Josh 1:8 KJV verified (first half quoted).

    Cited for: c. 1025–1050 — The Old English Hexateuch: Genesis to Joshua in English, illustrated

  275. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Old High German Tatian” (Fulda under Rabanus Maurus c. 830; Diatessaron c. 170; Latin/OHG in two columns, same line and word order; six scribes; sole MS Cod. Sang. 56 at St Gall since 10th c.; two purposes: faith in the vernacular and clergy training). Library record: e-codices csg-0056. Luke 1:4 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 830 — The Old High German Tatian: the four Gospels as one story, in Latin and German side by side

  276. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Ormulum” (12th-c. biblical exegesis by the Augustinian canon Orrm, just under 19,000 lines of early Middle English verse; for Brother Walter; homilies on the mass texts of the year; phonemic orthography; many priests may have spoken Anglo-Norman; about a fifth survives; single autograph MS, Bodleian MS Junius 1; Bourne Abbey widely accepted; date c. 1180, perhaps begun 1150; “tedious and repetitive”). Ps 119:130 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1180 (perhaps begun c. 1150) — The Ormulum: the Gospel readings explained in English verse

  277. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Ostromir Gospels” (oldest dated book of Kievan Rus’; 1056 or 1057 (6564 Byzantine); deacon Gregory for Ostromir, posadnik of Novgorod, probably a gift for a monastery; Gospel lectionary, Sunday and feast-day readings; uncial, two columns, 294 sheets; three Evangelist portraits; Church Slavonic with Russian features; National Library of Russia; Vostokov edition 1843). Luke 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1056–1057 — The Ostromir Gospels: the oldest dated book of the Eastern Slavs

  278. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Otfrid of Weissenburg” (c. 800–after 870; Weissenburg; Fulda under Hrabanus Maurus; Evangelienbuch, 7,104 couplets, 863–871; first rhyme in German; first named German poet; chapter “Cur scriptor hunc librum theotisce dictaverit”). Plate: Heidelberg, Cod. Pal. lat. 52, fol. 19v (read this run). Luke 1:46 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 863–871 — Otfrid of Weissenburg puts the Gospel into German verse

  279. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Papias of Hierapolis” (c. 60–c. 130; five books; consensus date c. 110, range 100–120/130; known only from Irenaeus and Eusebius; Eusebius’s view of his millennialism). Quotation: Eusebius, Church History III.39.15–16, NPNF2 vol. 1, newadvent.org/fathers/250103.htm. No licensed likeness exists. Luke 1:2 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 110 (range 100–130) — Papias of Hierapolis: the earliest word on how Mark and Matthew came to be written

  280. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Papyrus 1” (𝔓1, Gregory-Aland; ε 01 von Soden; early 3rd c. by palaeography; Oxyrhynchus; Penn Museum E 2746; one bifolium; Matt 1:1–9, 12, 13, 14–20; no word division; nomina sacra ΙΣ ΧΣ ΥΣ ΠΝΑ ΚΣ; perhaps one quire of 23 bifolia; Alexandrian, Aland Cat. I; close to Vaticanus, denied by Hoskier; ten variants are name spellings). Matt 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: early 3rd century — Papyrus 1: the opening of Matthew, “the book of the generation of Jesus Christ”

  281. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Papyrus 46” (P. Chester Beatty II + Michigan leaves; 175–225 or early 3rd c.; contents and order; numbered pages; reader’s marks; seven lost leaves and the Kenyon/Duff debate on the pastorals). Plate: fol. 157v, Eph 6:8–18, also in the Gallery. Eph 6:17 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 175–225 — Papyrus 46: the earliest book of Paul’s letters — Ephesians 6 included; c. AD 175–225 — Papyrus 46: the armour passage on papyrus (The Gallery)

  282. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Papyrus 47” (P. Chester Beatty III; early 3rd c.; Rev 9:10–17:2 in 10 leaves of a single quire; est. 30–32 leaves; Kenyon quoted; Alexandrian text, Aland Category I). Plate: fol. 7r, Rev 13:16–14:4. Rev 14:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: early 3rd century — Papyrus 47: the oldest surviving copy of the Book of Revelation

  283. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Papyrus 66” (P. Bodmer II; found 1952 at Jabal Abu Mana near Dishna; published 1956; first 26 leaves intact with stitching; 14.2 × 16.2 cm; dating: editor c. 200, Hunger mid/early 2nd c., Nongbri early/mid 4th c.; nomina sacra; staurogram at least ten times, ch. 19; Bibliotheca Bodmeriana). John 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 200 (later dates argued) — Papyrus 66: St John’s Gospel in a little codex

  284. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Papyrus 72” (P. Bodmer VII–VIII; Jude, 1–2 Peter; one scribe; 3rd or 4th c.; earliest in entirety; nomina sacra; Alexandrian, Aland “normal”/“free”). Plate: P. Bodmer VIII, ending of 2 Peter, Vatican Library (digi.vatlib.it). 2 Pet 1:21 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 3rd or 4th century — Papyrus 72: the earliest complete copy of 1 and 2 Peter and Jude

  285. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Papyrus 967” (3rd c.; discovered 1931; 59 sheets; Ezekiel, Daniel, Esther; Old Greek Daniel superseded by Theodotion by end of 4th c.; Susanna and Bel; closing wish quoted; five present locations). Plate: P. Köln Theol. 37v, Susanna 62a–b + subscriptio. Dan 10:21 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 3rd century — Papyrus 967: Ezekiel, Daniel and Esther in one early Greek book

  286. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Paris Bible” (standardised one-volume Vulgate, 13th c.; no single order before; often in 4 volumes; uniform order similar to modern Bible; 1230–1280 copied and spread more widely than any other; pocket Bibles for friars; universities; c. 20,000 small-format Paris Bibles in 13th c.; Deuterocanonical books; 64 prologues mostly from Jerome; Interpretation of Hebrew Names; chapters but no numbered verses; running headers). 2 Tim 3:16 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1230–1280 — The Paris Bible: the whole Bible in one volume, in the order we still read it

  287. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Paris Psalter (Anglo-Saxon)” (BnF lat. 8824, scribe Wulfwinus Cada, prose 1–50 / metrical 51–150, prose credibly attributed to Alfred); “Old English Bible translations” (Alfred said to have directed a Psalter translation, scholars divided; Paris Psalter meant for circulation). Ps 119:105 KJV verified. No plate: none found on Commons.

    Cited for: mid-11th century — The Paris Psalter: the whole Psalter in Latin and Old English

  288. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Peshitta” (consensus dating of OT and NT; the name; the five omitted books and the Harklean version of 616; Byzantine character of the NT; spread to China by the 8th c.), and “Byzantine text-type” (it underlies the Textus Receptus). Year filed as c. 150 for ordering only.

    Cited for: OT by the 2nd century · NT standard by the early 5th — The Peshitta: the Scriptures in Syriac

  289. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Pierre Robert Olivétan” (Waldensian, Calvin’s cousin and preface, first French translation from Hebrew and Greek, Lefèvre, Neuchâtel 1535); “Synod of Chanforan” (12 Sept 1532, Val d’Angrogne, decision to print a French Bible); “Waldensians” (founding attributed to Valdes/Peter Waldo, c. 1173); French Wikipedia, “Bible d’Olivétan” (4 June 1535, Pierre de Vingle, c. 900 copies, poor sales, later revisions incl. the Geneva Bible). 2 Tim 3:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 4 June 1535 — The Waldenses’ French Bible: Olivétan’s translation from the Hebrew and Greek

  290. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Quedlinburg Itala fragment” (Berlin SBB-PK Cod. theol. lat. fol. 485; six folios, c. 305×205 mm; Old Latin 1 Samuel; probably Rome, 420s–430s; oldest surviving illustrated biblical MS; 14 miniatures; artist instructions visible; found in Quedlinburg bindings 1865–87; Berlin since 1875–76; Weitzmann quoted). 1 Sam 15:22 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 420s–430s — The Quedlinburg Itala: the oldest illustrated Bible leaves

  291. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Queen Mary Psalter” (BL Royal MS 2 B.vii; c. 1310–1320, prob. London; one main scribe, single artist “Queen Mary Master”; “one of the most extensively illustrated psalters”; OT cycle of 223 scenes with Anglo-Norman captions; 800+ illustrations; Historia scholastica influence; Mary I 1553; George II 1757; patron disputed, Isabella proposed). Isa 11:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1310–1320 — The Queen Mary Psalter: the Psalms, with the whole Bible story told in pictures

  292. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Rabbula Gospels” (Florence, Laurenziana Plut. I.56; completed 586 at St John of Zagba, prob. between Antioch and Apamea; scribe Rabbula; Peshitta text; canon tables; earliest surviving MS Crucifixion; Ascension, Pentecost; Byblos 11th c., Qannubin, Florence late 15th/early 16th c.; miniatures possibly from another MS, bound 15th c., overpainted). Acts 1:11 KJV verified.

    Cited for: completed 586 — The Rabbula Gospels: the Syriac Peshitta Gospels, signed by their scribe in 586

  293. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Rashi” (c. 1040–1105, Troyes; commentaries on Tanakh and Talmud; “plain sense of Scripture” with Agadoth that fit the words; grammar and syntax; Old French glosses; first dated Hebrew printed book, Reggio 18 Feb 1475; Nicholas de Lyra “ape of Rashi”, Postillae a primary source for Luther; Christian Hebraists). Neh 8:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1040–1105 — Rashi of Troyes explains “the plain sense of Scripture”

  294. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Reina–Valera” (28 Sept 1569, Basel; first complete Bible printed in Spanish; bear and honeycomb title page; Bomberg 1525 and Stephanus 1550; Valera 1602 Amsterdam, Apocrypha between the Testaments; later revisions); “Casiodoro de Reina” (b. c. 1520, Hieronymite at San Isidoro, flight c. 1557, exile in Geneva, London, Antwerp, Frankfurt; d. 1594). The Inquisition’s sentence is summarized, not detailed. Ps 119:103 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 28 September 1569 · 1602 — Casiodoro de Reina’s “Bear Bible”, the first complete Bible printed in Spanish

  295. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Richard Rolle” (dates; Oxford; English works after c. 1340; the English Psalter for Margaret Kirkby; c. 20 MSS; its status after the Constitutions of Arundel; death at Hampole 1349). No plate: no licensed image of the Psalter was found this run.

    Cited for: c. 1340s — Richard Rolle’s English Psalter

  296. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Robert Barker (printer)” (citing House, review of Norton, A Textual History of the King James Bible, 2004).

    Cited for: 1611 — The King James Bible is first printed

  297. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Robert Estienne” (printer to the king; Garamond grecs du roi; 1546/1549/1550 editions, the 1550 Editio Regia; the Sorbonne; Geneva c. 1550; 1551 with Erasmus’s Latin and the Vulgate; first to number the NT verses); “Chapters and verses of the Bible” (1551 Greek NT; 1553 French Bible; system in almost all modern Bibles; Whittingham 1557; Geneva Bible 1560); “Textus Receptus” (1551 in Geneva; Stephanus and Beza the two standard texts). Ps 119:160 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1551 — Robert Estienne (Stephanus) numbers the verses of the New Testament; 1550 (Paris) — Stephanus’s Editio Regia: the Gospel of John (The Gallery)

  298. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Rossano Gospels” (042/Σ; 6th c.; purple parchment, silver ink; 188 folios; Matthew and most of Mark, companion volume lost; oldest or among oldest illuminated NT MSS, 14 illuminations; possibly imperial scriptorium, Constantinople; Byzantine text-type, Aland Category V; Rossano Cathedral; rediscovered 1879 by von Gebhardt and Harnack; UNESCO Memory of the World 2015). Matt 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 6th century (made known 1879) — The Rossano Gospels: Matthew and Mark in silver on purple

  299. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Rylands Library Papyrus P52” (P. Ryl. Gr. 457; John 18:31–33, 37–38; codex; 100–150 per Roberts, 125–175 per Orsini & Clarysse, later dates allowed by some; acquired 1920 by Grenfell; published 1935; possibly for congregational reading). Plate also hangs in the Gallery. John 18:37 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 125–175 (debated) — Papyrus 52: the St John fragment, the earliest surviving piece of the New Testament; c. AD 100–175 — The St John fragment (Rylands Papyrus 52) (The Gallery)

  300. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Saadia Gaon” (892–942; born Dilaz, Faiyum; Tiberias 915; gaon of Sura; first important rabbinic figure to write extensively in Judeo-Arabic; Tafsir of the Pentateuch + other books incl. Psalms, with commentary; copied by Yemenite Jews in nearly all codices; Scriptures for the unlearned; grammar, Agron; ibn Ezra’s criticism). No licensed plate found. Ps 119:130 KJV verified.

    Cited for: Saadia Gaon, 892–942 — Saadia Gaon puts the Torah into Arabic for readers in the Arabic-speaking world

  301. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Cyril and Methodius” (Rastislav’s request 862; translation of the Gospels begun 863; Glagolitic; German opposition; Adrian II’s authorisation; extent of translation uncertain), and “Codex Zographensis” (Glagolitic Tetraevangelium, late 10th/early 11th c.). Acts 2:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 863 — Cyril and Methodius: the Gospels in Slavonic

  302. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Samuel Pearce,” which incorporates the public-domain Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 44 (1895), and cites E. F. Clipsham, ODNB, and A. Betteridge, Deep Roots, Living Branches (2010), pp. 88–89 (ordination) and 108 (Kettering).

    Cited for: 18 August 1790 — Samuel Pearce at Cannon Street, Birmingham

  303. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Samuel Stillman” (life, ordination, trusteeship, 1765–1807 pastorate, 1802 society; the quoted phrase is that article’s). Cross-checked: 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Baptists” (Wikisource, PD) names him as honoured pastor of the Boston church. Paraphrased. 2 Tim 4:2 per KJV.

    Cited for: 1765–1807 — Samuel Stillman: forty-two years in one Boston pulpit

  304. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Second Epistle of Peter” (1:1, 1:14, 3:1; taken literally c. 64–68; scholars 60–150, list of proposed dates; most critical scholars pseudepigraphal; refers to Pauline epistles) and Britannica, “Letters of Peter” (Second Coming, 1,000 years as a day, false teachers; doubts from the 3rd century). 2 Pet 1:21 and 3:15–16 KJV verified.

    Cited for: by tradition c. AD 64–68 (authorship widely disputed) — The Second Epistle of Peter: “holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost”

  305. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Second Epistle to the Corinthians” (Paul with Timothy, to Corinth and Achaea; little doubt Paul is author; one vs composite letter, chs 8–9 and 10–13; painful visit, letter of tears; written after leaving Ephesus for Macedonia, Philippi or Thessalonica; Ephesus c. 53–57). Plate: P46 fol. 142r. 2 Cor 12:9 KJV verified.

    Cited for: mid-50s AD, from Macedonia — Paul writes 2 Corinthians from Macedonia: “My grace is sufficient for thee”

  306. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Second Epistle to the Thessalonians” (Paul, Silvanus, Timothy; authorship disputed, Dunn “roughly even split”; 2011 BNTC survey 63/13/35; authentic view 51–52, later view c. 80–115; in Marcion’s canon and the Muratorian fragment, named by Irenaeus). Plate: Papyrus 92 (Commons dates it 4th c.). 2 Thess 2:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. AD 51–52 if by Paul (authorship debated) — Paul writes 2 Thessalonians: “stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught”

  307. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Second Epistle to Timothy” (traditionally Paul’s last letter before his death; critical view: unknown follower, 90–140; some defend Paul, Murphy-O’Connor holds 2 Tim authentic) and “Paul the Apostle” (died c. 64/65). No plate. 2 Tim 3:16–17, 4:6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: by tradition c. AD 64–65 (authorship debated) — Paul’s farewell to Timothy: “All scripture is given by inspiration of God”

  308. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Septuagint” (dating of the Pentateuch and later books; the Aristeas account and its doubters), and “Papyrus Rylands 458” (Rahlfs 957; mid-2nd century BC by palaeography). Year filed as c. 250 BC for ordering only.

    Cited for: 3rd–2nd century BC — The Septuagint: the Hebrew Scriptures in Greek

  309. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Sinope Gospels” (O/023; 6th c.; 44 folios, Matthew only; purple vellum, silver and gold writing, very large uncials; five miniatures incl. five thousand fed (f. 11r); Syria or Palestine by style; bought at Sinope 1899, published by Omont 1901; 43 leaves BnF Suppl. Grec 1286; Streeter/Metzger Caesarean, Aland Category V; ultramarine, gold). Matt 14:20 KJV verified.

    Cited for: mid-6th century (leaves bought at Sinope 1899) — The Sinope Gospels: Matthew in gold on purple

  310. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Southern Baptist Convention” (Augusta, May 1845; Johnson first president; separated to uphold slavery; Alabama Resolutions not adopted). 1844 resolution text: Wikipedia, “Alabama Baptist State Board of Missions”. 1995: Southern Baptist Convention, “Resolution on Racial Reconciliation on the 150th Anniversary of the Southern Baptist Convention” (sbc.net).

    Cited for: May 1845 · 1995 — The Southern Baptist Convention is formed at Augusta, and repents 150 years later

  311. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Springmount Bog Tablets” (found 1914 near Clough, Co. Antrim, about four feet down; six yew tablets, leather thong, ten wax pages; Vulgate Pss 30–32 (31–33 modern), Gallican version, Irish majuscule; earliest Irish writing in Latin script; late 7th c. palaeographically, Wright 1963 c. 600 generally accepted; teaching/memorising; NMI S.A. 1914.2). No plate (none on Commons). Ps 32:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 600 (some date it later) — The Springmount tablets: the Psalms learned on wax in Ireland

  312. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “St Augustine Gospels” (Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS 286; 6th-c. Italian uncial, Vulgate; 597/601 tradition, Weitzmann quoted; insular corrections c. 700; oldest surviving illustrated Latin Gospel book; on the altar at St Augustine’s Abbey; Parker Library since 1575; archbishops’ enthronements). Plate: fol. 129v, St Luke. Rom 10:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 6th century; in England by c. 700 (traditionally 597) — The St Augustine Gospels: the Gospel book of the mission to the English

  313. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “St Cuthbert Gospel” (early 8th-c. pocket Gospel of John in Latin; 138 × 92 mm; 94 vellum folios; earliest known surviving Western bookbinding; probably written at Monkwearmouth–Jarrow; placed in Cuthbert’s coffin; removed 1104 at Durham; once thought Cuthbert’s own; 2015 research dates it c. 700–730; Stonyhurst College; BL purchase 2012, Add MS 89000; BL quotation). John 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 700–730 — The St Cuthbert Gospel: the oldest intact European book is the Gospel of John

  314. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Statenvertaling” (first Dutch translation from the original Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek; ordered by the Synod of Dordrecht 1618, financed by the States General, published 1637; Liesvelt 1526 and other Dutch Bibles were translations of translations; guidelines of 20 Nov 1618; Apocrypha after NT with a warning; HEERE for YHWH). Title page: Commons, printed by Paulus Aertsz. van Ravensteyn. Ps 12:6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1618 (ordered) · 1637 (published) — The Statenvertaling: the Dutch Bible translated from the Hebrew and Greek

  315. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Stavelot Bible” (1093–1097; two volumes; Stavelot abbey; scribes Ernesto and Goderannus; colophon: four years; main liturgical Bible; 581 × 390 mm; British Library Add MS 28106–28107; Christ in Majesty by a different hand). Rev 1:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1093–1097 — The Stavelot Bible: four years of labour for one great book

  316. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Stockholm Codex Aureus” (MS A. 135; mid-8th c., Southumbria/Canterbury; alternating purple and plain leaves; gold, silver, white; oldest gold-leaf initials; Insular + Italian; inscription naming Wulfhelm, Ceolhard, Niclas, Ealhhun; 193 folios). Plate: fols. 9v–10r. Ps 19:10 KJV verified.

    Cited for: mid-8th century — The Codex Aureus of Canterbury: the Gospels written in gold

  317. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Stuttgart Psalter” (WLB Bibl. fol. 23; Bischoff: Saint-Germain-des-Prés c. 820; owner unknown; Carolingian minuscule; Gallican Psalter; 316 images, 162 initials; literal / historical / Christological pictures; 1787 sale to Charles Eugene; in Stuttgart by 1818; full scans at WLB). Ps 1:2 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 820 — The Stuttgart Psalter: every psalm illustrated, page by page

  318. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Symmachus (translator)” (fl. late 2nd c.; in Origen’s Hexapla and Tetrapla; idiomatic, elegant Greek, per Metzger the opposite of Aquila’s method; admired and used by Jerome for the Vulgate; Jerome faulted neanis for parthenos in Isa 7:14; Eusebius’s “Ebionite” now thought unreliable; Epiphanius: Samaritan convert). No licensed plate found. Isa 7:14 KJV verified.

    Cited for: fl. late 2nd century — Symmachus renders the Hebrew into elegant Greek, and Jerome weighs his “young woman”

  319. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Synod of Hippo” (393; Canon XXIV list; confirmed at Carthage 397). Baptist words quoted verbatim from the Second London Confession (1677/1689), ch. 1 §§3–4, as printed by The Reformed Reader (reformedreader.org/ccc/1689lbc/english/Chapter01.htm).

    Cited for: 393 · 397 — The Synods of Hippo and Carthage list the canon

  320. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Syro-Hexaplar version” (Paul of Tella, monastery of the Enaton, Egypt, c. 617; fifth column of the Hexapla; Swete on Origen’s signs; distinct from the Peshitta; West Syrian use; Jacob of Edessa; Ishodad of Merv; Codex Ambrosianus C. 313 Inf.). Facsimile: A. M. Ceriani, Monumenta sacra et profana VII, Milan 1874 (Commons file record). Ps 12:6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 617 — The Syro-Hexapla: Origen’s Greek Old Testament in Syriac

  321. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Taverner’s Bible” (Byddell for Barthlet; influence) and “Richard Taverner” (dates; Inner Temple; Greek and Hebrew; Cromwell). Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911), “Bible, English”. B. F. Westcott, A General View of the History of the English Bible (2nd ed., 1872), pp. 215–217. The 1539 wording was read from the plate itself (djvu page 501).

    Cited for: 1539 — Taverner’s Bible of 1539: “a spokesman with the father” (The Gallery)

  322. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Textus Receptus” (Elzevir brothers section: 1633 Leiden edition, preface Latin and translation quoted; term derived from textum/receptum; lineage Erasmus–Stephanus–Beza–Elzevir; base for KJV, Reina-Valera, Kralice, Almeida, Statenvertaling; modern critics vs providential preservation). Plate also in the Gallery. Ps 12:7 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1633 — The Elzevir Greek New Testament of 1633: the “Received Text” is named; 1633 (Leiden) — The Elzevir preface: “the text now received by all” (The Gallery)

  323. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience” (citing J. P. Byrd, The Challenges of Roger Williams, 2002; R. Groves ed., 2001). Williams’s later course as a Seeker per Encyclopedia.com, “Roger Williams.”

    Cited for: 1644 — Roger Williams pleads for liberty of conscience: The Bloudy Tenent; 1644 — The Bloudy Tenent: a plea that the conscience be left to God (The Gallery)

  324. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Theodore Beza” (b. Vézelay 1519, d. 1605; succeeded Calvin; 1565 Greek NT with Vulgate and his own Latin, annotations; 1582; Codex Bezae to Cambridge, Claromontanus); “Textus Receptus” (editions 1565–1598; little use of his MSS; KJV drew on Erasmus, Stephanus, Beza); “King James Version” (the 1611 translators favoured the later editions of Beza; of 13 NT margin notes recording Greek variants, almost all reproduce Beza’s notes). Matt 24:35 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1565 · 1598 — Theodore Beza’s Greek New Testament, the edition the King James translators favoured; 1565 (Geneva: Henri Estienne) — Beza’s Greek and Latin New Testament: “the whole armour of God” in 1565 (The Gallery)

  325. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Theodotion” (one of three 2nd-c. translators with Aquila and Symmachus; Irenaeus Adv. haer. III.23: proselyte, prob. Ephesus; Epiphanius: Commodus c. 190; style between Aquila and Symmachus; transliteration; survives via Hexapla; his Daniel superseded the LXX in church use; proto-Theodotionic problem, kaige; 1 Cor 15:54 / Isa 25:8). No licensed plate found. 1 Cor 15:54 KJV verified.

    Cited for: late 2nd century (per Irenaeus and Epiphanius) — Theodotion’s Greek version, whose Daniel the churches came to read

  326. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Theophilus of Antioch” (bishop c. 169–183; converted by reading Scripture; To Autolycus; John 1:1–3 cited naming the evangelist; earliest extant use of “Trinity”; sparse NT citation). Quotations: To Autolycus II.22 and II.15, ANF vol. 2, newadvent.org/fathers/02042.htm. Plate is an imagined 1493 likeness. John 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 180 — Theophilus of Antioch names John among the inspired writers — and first uses the word “Trinity”

  327. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Third Epistle of John” (the elder; Gaius, Demetrius, Diotrephes; hospitality; no “Jesus”/“Christ”; first reference mid-3rd c.; accepted by early 5th c.; Robinson c. 60–65, Dodd 96–110, Brown 100–110; Ephesus by tradition) and “Second Epistle of John” (elect lady: church or person; deceivers who deny Christ come in the flesh; most modern scholars not the apostle). 3 John 4 KJV verified; 2 John 1, 7 and 3 John 7, 9 checked.

    Cited for: probably the end of the 1st century AD — The Elder writes 2 and 3 John: “I have no greater joy than to hear that my children walk in truth”

  328. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Thomas Helwys” (citing Briggs, A Dictionary of European Baptist Life and Thought, 2009, p. 467). Articles 10 and 14 quoted from E. B. Underhill (ed.), Confessions of Faith (Hanserd Knollys Society, 1854), pp. 6–7, read on the page images of the Internet Archive scan (confessionsfaith00undeuoft); see the Reading Room.

    Cited for: 1611 — Thomas Helwys writes the earliest Baptist confession of faith; 1612 — The first Baptist church on English soil, and a plea for liberty of conscience; 1612 — Thomas Helwys’s inscription to King James: a plea for liberty of conscience (The Gallery)

  329. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Tiberius Psalter” (BL Cotton MS Tiberius C.vi; one of ≥4 Gallican psalters from New Minster, Winchester, around the Conquest; continuous interlinear OE gloss; earliest known prefatory miniature cycle, David and Christ; dated mid-11th c. / c. 1050 / 3rd quarter per BL 2016; Cotton fire 1731; rebound 1894). Ps 1:2 KJV verified.

    Cited for: mid- or 3rd quarter of the 11th century — The Tiberius Psalter: the Psalms with an English word written over every line, at Winchester

  330. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Triennial Convention” (formal name; the Judsons and Rice become Baptists; first assembly 18–25 May 1814; Furman president; funds for foreign missions; anti-mission Baptists). Wikipedia, “Southern Baptist Convention” (Luther Rice helped Baptists unify nationally).

    Cited for: May 1814 — The Triennial Convention: American Baptists unite for missions

  331. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Trinitarian Bible Society” (founded 1831; purpose statement quoted; split from BFBS 1804 over the Apocrypha and a Unitarian officer / opening prayer; May 1831 vote six to one; 7 Dec 1831 Exeter Hall, 2,000+; Masoretic Text + Scrivener 1894 TR; sells the KJV; Society statement on the AV quoted). No licensed plate found. 2 Tim 3:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 7 December 1831 — The Trinitarian Bible Society is founded to circulate the Scriptures without the Apocrypha

  332. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Tyndale Bible” (sources, the Cologne fragment, the 1526 edition, the burning of copies, the three surviving copies, arrest and death). Provenance of the British Library (ex-Bristol) copy: M. West, “The Bristol 1526 Tyndale Testament – its Origin and its History,” Reformation 1 (1996) 113–17, tyndale.org (Ames’s 1743 letter, White’s inscription, Gifford’s bequest, the 1994 sale). Not claimed: the Anne Boleyn tradition; the 1994 price.

    Cited for: 1526 — Tyndale’s New Testament: the Gospel of John (The Gallery); 1530 — Tyndale’s Pentateuch: “In the begynnynge” (The Gallery)

  333. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Ulfilas” (life; c. 369 traditional date; team-of-translators view; Homoian creed; citing Heather & Matthews 1991 and Wolfram 1988), and “Codex Argenteus” (Uppsala; UNESCO Memory of the World, 2011).

    Cited for: c. 369 (traditional) — Ulfilas and the Gothic Bible

  334. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Uncial 030” (Codex Nanianus, U; 9th c.; complete Gospels, 291 leaves, 2 cols; Scrivener “carefully and luxuriously”; gold initials, pictures before Mark and John; Carpianus, canons, kephalaia; Byzantine, Aland V; named for Giovanni Nanni; Venice, Marciana; Tischendorf 1843, Tregelles 1846). Matt 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 9th century — Codex Nanianus: the Gospels written “carefully and luxuriously” in gold-lettered capitals

  335. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Uspenski Gospels” (Minuscule 461; colophon of 835 by the monk Nicholas; oldest known dated NT MS; 344 leaves; minuscule; Byzantine, family K1; Mark 1:1–8 lection note; Constantinople → Mar Saba → Uspensky 1844 → NLR Gr. 219; cited in NA). Mark 1:3 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 835 — The Uspenski Gospels: the oldest dated manuscript of the New Testament

  336. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Uta Codex” (Clm 13601, BSB Munich; gospel lectionary grouped by evangelist, not calendar; commissioned c. 1025 by Abbess Uta of Niedermünster; St Emmeram scriptorium; 119 leaves, 382 × 274 mm; gem-set gold case with Christ in Majesty; evangelist portraits; Swarzenski quoted). Commons dates the plate ca. 1020. John 1:14 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1020–1025 — The Uta Codex: the Gospel readings in gold at Regensburg, grouped under each evangelist

  337. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Utrecht Psalter” (Utrecht UB MS 32; 9th c.; 166 pen illustrations; canticles, Te Deum, Athanasian Creed; imitation rustic capitals, once dated 6th c.; near Reims, perhaps sponsored by Ebbo, so usually 816–835; Canterbury by c. 1000; copied 3 times incl. Eadwine Psalter; in England c. 1000–1640; Utrecht 1716). Ps 150:6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 816–835 — The Utrecht Psalter: a drawing for every psalm

  338. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Velislai biblia picta” (Velislavova bible; 1325–1349; picture-book Bible; brief titles; 747 pictures from OT, NT, Antichrist writings, saints’ legends esp. Wenceslas; a Biblia pauperum in atypical form; mostly ink, some colour; 188 ff., 307 × 245 mm; Czech National Library, Prague; probably for Velislav the Canon, d. 1367, notary to John of Bohemia and Charles IV). Luke 24:27 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1325–1349 — The Velislav Bible: the Scriptures told in 747 pictures

  339. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Vercelli Book” (Biblioteca Capitolare, Vercelli; late 10th c.; 135 ff.; 23 homilies, prose Guthlac, six poems incl. Dream of the Rood; Anglo-Saxon square minuscule; compiled for private inspiration, penitential/eschatological themes (Treharne); Guala Bicchieri hospice; found by Blume 1822). Gal 6:14 KJV verified.

    Cited for: Late 10th century — The Vercelli Book: English sermons and the Dream of the Rood

  340. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Vespasian Psalter” (BL Cotton Vespasian A.i; southern England, 2nd quarter 8th c.; interlinear Old English gloss “the oldest extant English translation of any portion of the Bible”; gloss script typical of Canterbury c. 820–850; Parker and Cotton). Ps 119:89 KJV verified.

    Cited for: gloss c. 820–850 — The Vespasian Psalter: the oldest English rendering of any part of the Bible

  341. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Vetus Latina” (no single Bible; four text-types, Old African from c. 250; 80+ NT MSS, c. 50 Gospels; Metzger on Luke 24:4–5; revised into the Vulgate), and “Codex Vercellensis” (earliest Old Latin Gospels; tradition of Eusebius of Vercelli, late 4th c.).

    Cited for: text-types from c. 250 — The Vetus Latina: the Old Latin Bible before Jerome

  342. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Vienna Genesis” (ÖNB cod. theol. gr. 31; probably Syria, first half 6th c.; LXX Genesis, abbreviated; 24 of c. 96 folios; silver on purple; non-biblical incidents from popular elaborations or Jewish commentaries; Rebecca and Eliezer at the well). Gen 24:27 KJV verified.

    Cited for: first half of the 6th century — The Vienna Genesis: Genesis in silver on purple

  343. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Vizsoly Bible” (Károli at Gönc, 1586–89, at least four translators, NT by Károli; sources incl. Hebrew and Greek; printing 28 Feb 1589 – 20 July 1590 by Mantskovit; students from Gönc; 700–800 copies; 3 vols, 2,412 pp., c. 6 kg; first Bible printed in Hungarian; copy on display). The official accusations against the press are omitted. Rom 10:17 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 20 July 1590 — The Vizsoly Bible: Gáspár Károli gives Hungary its first printed Bible

  344. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Vulgate” (Damasus 382; Gospels by 384; Hebrew Psalter c. 390–398; Hebraica veritas; Augustine, City of God XVIII.43, as quoted there; c. 400–1530 dominance). “Codex Sangallensis 1395” for the plate (5th-century Vulgate NT).

    Cited for: 382 · 390s — Jerome and the Latin Vulgate

  345. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Waldensians” (c. 1173; translation 1175–1185; 1179 Rome and Third Lateran; 1184 Verona; Chanforan 1532; Olivétan 1535; Baptist successionism “largely rejected”), and “Peter Waldo.” Britannica, “Waldenses,” agrees on 1173, the clerics’ translation and the 1184 ban. Confession: 2LCF ch. 1 §8.

    Cited for: c. 1173 · 1179 · 1184 — Valdes of Lyon has the Scriptures put into the common tongue

  346. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Wenceslas Bible” (German translation from the Vulgate commissioned by Martin Rotlev c. 1375–1380; made in Prague in the 1390s for Wenceslas IV and Sophia; Charles IV’s 1369 prohibition; unfinished: Daniel, Minor Prophets, Maccabees lacking, NT not begun; 654 miniatures, 900+ spaces; Austrian National Library). Gen 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1390s (translation c. 1375–1380) — The Wenceslas Bible: a German Bible for a king, made in the teeth of a ban

  347. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Wessex Gospels” (c. 990; seven MSS; Lord’s Prayer), “Ælfric of Eynsham” (Æthelweard’s request; preface to Genesis; sense-for-sense), and “Old English Bible translations” (Hexateuch; 1066).

    Cited for: c. 990 — The Wessex Gospels and Ælfric’s Old Testament

  348. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “William Kiffin” (incorporating A. Gordon, Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, public domain; citing Crosby, History of the English Baptists, 1738–40, and Kiffin’s own Remarkable Passages, ed. W. Orme, 1823).

    Cited for: 1644–1701 — William Kiffin: merchant, pastor, and the first name on the 1644 Confession

  349. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “William Morgan (Bible translator)” (c. 1545–1604; St John’s, Cambridge; seven years of Biblical study in Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic; vicar of Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant; first whole Welsh Bible from Greek and Hebrew, 1588; 1620 revision by Parry and Davies) and “Bible translations into Welsh” (1620 brought into conformity with the KJV; standard until the late 20th c.). Plate: National Library of Wales. Acts 2:11 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1588 (revised 1620) — William Morgan’s Welsh Bible: the whole Bible in Welsh from the Hebrew and Greek

  350. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Winchester Bible” (Winchester, 1150–1175; probably for Henry of Blois; 468 leaves, c. 250 calves; largest surviving 12th-c. English Bible; one scribe; six artists; unfinished art; full Vulgate with two Psalters and Apocrypha; Winchester Cathedral). Plate: opening of Hosea (Hos 1:1 read this run). Ps 119:130 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1150–1175 — The Winchester Bible: the largest English Bible of the 12th century, written by one hand

  351. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “Wycliffe’s Bible” (citing Daniell, The Bible in English, 2003; Kelly, 2023).

    Cited for: c. 1382–1395 — The Wycliffite Bible: the whole Bible in English, copied by hand

  352. en.wikisource.org

    EB1911 vol. 28, “Wayland, Francis” (Wikisource; US PD), quoted verbatim. Title page of The Moral Dignity of the Missionary Enterprise, 3rd ed. (Boston: James Loring, 1824), read from the IA page image. Wayland quoted from Domestic Slavery Considered as a Scriptural Institution (New York: Lewis Colby, 1845), intro and pp. 25–26 (IA). Matt 13:38 KJV verified (bible-api × getBible).

    Cited for: 26 Oct. 1823 · 1827 · 1845 · 30 Sept. 1865 — Francis Wayland: “The Moral Dignity of the Missionary Enterprise”

  353. en.wikisource.org

    J. H. Thorpe, “Brine, John”, DNB vol. 6 (1886, PD), Wikisource. All quoted phrases verbatim from the DNB. Death date: DNB 24 Feb 1765; Wikipedia gives 21 Feb (unsourced). The DNB says Gill’s sermon “contains no express reference to Brine.” Fuller’s view is linked as history, not as a verdict on Brine. Eph 2:8 per KJV.

    Cited for: 1703 · c. 1730 · 1765 — John Brine of Kettering and Curriers’ Hall

  354. en.wikisource.org

    Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 7 (1886), “Bunyan, John” by Edmund Venables (public domain, Wikisource), read in full; quoted phrases verbatim. Cross-checked: Wikipedia “John Bunyan” (Lower Samsell near Harlington, twelve years, freed May 1672, Pilgrim’s Progress 1678, 31 Aug 1688, Bunhill Fields). KJV: Eph. 6:20.

    Cited for: 1653 · 12 Nov 1660 · 1672 · 1678 · 31 Aug 1688 — John Bunyan: the Tinker of Elstow, Twelve Years in Bedford Gaol for Preaching; 1678 (London: Nath. Ponder) — The Pilgrim’s Progress: the title page of the first edition (The Gallery)

  355. en.wikisource.org

    DNB vol. 8 (Axon, 1886, PD), “Canne, John”, Wikisource, read in full. Darlow & Moule, Historical Catalogue of the Printed Editions of Holy Scripture I (1903, PD; Internet Archive historicalcatal00librgoog), no. 540 (1664; “full apparatus”; Anderson’s 1644 quarto); post-1611 entries give the King James text. 1664 title per Morgan Library PML 16002.1. Cross-check: Wikipedia. Not claimed as a Baptist; political writings omitted on purpose. KJV: 1 Cor 2:13.

    Cited for: 1647 · 1664 — John Canne’s Reference Bible: Scripture the Best Interpreter of Scripture

  356. en.wikisource.org

    “Carey, Eustace”, DNB vol. 9 (1887, PD), Wikisource; quoted phrases verbatim. Cross-checked: whowaswho-indology.info “CAREY, Eustace”. DNB’s own source: Eustace Carey, the Missionary in India, memoir by Mrs. Eustace Carey (1857). KJV: Romans 10:15.

    Cited for: 1814 · 1817 · 1825 · 1831 — Eustace Carey: from Olney and Bristol to Calcutta, and Home Again for the Mission

  357. en.wikisource.org

    DNB vol. 11 (1887), “Collins, Hercules”, T. Cooper (Wikisource; US PD), quoting Crosby iii. 129. Title pages + preface quoted from page images: Orthodox Catechism 1680, Voice from the Prison 1684, Counsel for the Living 1684 (IA/Commons, PD). 1689 signers: Confession 4th ed., 1719 (IA). Wikipedia “Hercules Collins” for b. 1647, the ~25-year Wapping pastorate and the Heidelberg revision. Rev 3:11, John 5:39 KJV verified (bible-api × getBible).

    Cited for: 1680 · 1684 · 1689 · 4 October 1702 — Hercules Collins: a Wapping pastor’s Orthodox Catechism, and a “Voice from the Prison”

  358. en.wikisource.org

    W. Hunt, “Cox, Benjamin”, DNB vol. 12 (1887, PD), Wikisource. Appendix quoted verbatim from Underhill, Confessions of Faith (1854, PD; archive.org confessionsfaith00undeuoft). Underhill puts his name on the 1646 Confession; the DNB says 1647. 1 Pet 3:15 per KJV.

    Cited for: c. 1643 · 1646 · 1662 — Benjamin Cox and the Appendix to a Confession of Faith

  359. en.wikisource.org

    DNB (1888), Delaune, Thomas, by A. C. Bickley (Wikisource), citing Crosby, Hist. of the Baptists ii. 366; title page of De Laune’s Plea for the Non-Conformists (London, 1704), read on the Internet Archive scan (bim_eighteenth-century_de-launes-plea-for-the-_de-laune-thomas_1704; ſ modernised). No plate: no image with clear rights was found. 1 Pet 3:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1683 · 1685 — Thomas Delaune’s Plea for the Non-Conformists, and Newgate

  360. en.wikisource.org

    A. C. Bickley, “Denne, Henry”, DNB vol. 14 (1888, PD), Wikisource; quoted phrases verbatim. DNB puts his 1643 baptism at Bell Alley; Wikipedia says Coleman Street church. Heading prints “d. 1600?”; death date uncertain (c. 1660). Army service omitted. KJV: Acts 8:37.

    Cited for: 1643 · 1644 · 1645 · 1658 — Henry Denne: from the Parish Pulpit to Believers’ Baptism

  361. en.wikisource.org

    Dictionary of National Biography (1885–1900), vol. 16, “Dunster, Henry,” by Gordon Goodwin (1888, PD), via Wikisource — life, presidency, resignation 24 Oct 1654, Scituate, death; the legacies sentence is quoted verbatim. Cross-checked: Wikipedia, “Henry Dunster” (1653–54 change of view, unbaptized son, Brackney’s phrase). Paraphrased otherwise. Acts 2:41 per KJV.

    Cited for: 1653–54 · 24 Oct 1654 · d. 27 Feb 1658/9 — Henry Dunster: Harvard’s first president lays down his office over infant baptism

  362. en.wikisource.org

    DNB vol. 20 (1889), “Francis, Enoch”, by R. M. J. Jones (Wikisource; US PD), quoted verbatim (script-matched). Facts and two short phrases from R. T. Jenkins, “Francis, Enoch”, Dictionary of Welsh Biography (1959; biography.wales, in copyright, used with attribution). Where they differ (Newcastle Emlyn 1730 vs. Pen-y-gelli by 1733) both are given. Gen 5:24 and Luke 10:42 KJV verified (bible-api × getBible).

    Cited for: 1707 · 1729 · 1733 · 4 Feb. 1739/40 — Enoch Francis of the Tivy-side church: “Enoch walked with God”

  363. en.wikisource.org

    DNB vol. 22 (1890), Grantham, Thomas (1634–1692), by Alexander Gordon (Wikisource), citing Grantham’s Christianismus Primitivus (1678), Crosby and Kennett. The death date is cross-checked with Wikipedia, “Thomas Grantham (Baptist)”, which gives 17 January 1692. No plate: no image with clear rights was found. 2 Tim 2:9 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1653 · 1660 · 1662–63 · 1692 — Thomas Grantham, General Baptist messenger, and Lincoln gaol

  364. en.wikisource.org

    Dictionary of National Biography (1890), “Gurnall, William” (Lavenham 1644; volumes 1655, 1658, 1662; conformed; d. 12 Oct 1679; b. Walpole St Peter); Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911), “Gurnall, William” (b. King’s Lynn; “more practical than theological”). Quotations: The Christian in Complete Armour, London: Tegg, 1845 (public domain), checked against the 1862 and 1658 printings. KJV: Eph 6:10.

    Cited for: 1655 · 1658 · 1662 — William Gurnall’s “The Christian in Complete Armour”

  365. en.wikisource.org

    Alexander Gordon, “Hall, Robert (1764–1831),” Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 24 (1890), pp. 85–87 (public domain; Wikisource transcription: birth, baptism 6 Sept. 1778, Bristol, Cambridge 1791, Modern Infidelity 1800, Harvey Lane 1807, Terms of Communion 1815, Broadmead 1826, d. 21 Feb. 1831; the Priestley influence and the divinity-and-atonement sentence quoted verbatim); KJV 1 Cor 2:4 (bible-api.com). His illnesses are left untold.

    Cited for: 2 May 1764 · 1800 · 21 Feb 1831 — Robert Hall Jr.: the preacher of Broadmead and Harvey Lane

  366. en.wikisource.org

    DNB vol. 29 (1892), “Jessey, Henry”, by Alexander Gordon (Wikisource; US PD), all quoted spans verbatim; Wikipedia “Henry Jessey” for the 1603 birth year and 8 Sept burial (sources differ; both given). War, “triers” and Fifth-monarchy matters omitted. Col 3:16 KJV verified (bible-api × getBible).

    Cited for: Midsummer 1637 · June 1645 · 4 September 1663 — Henry Jessey: pastor of the Southwark church of 1616, a “living concordance”, immersed in 1645

  367. en.wikisource.org

    Dictionary of National Biography vol. 30 (1892, public domain), “Keach, Benjamin” (Wikisource), quoted verbatim; cross-check Wikipedia “Benjamin Keach” (1692 Assembly; exclusive psalmody; 1673 secession). Dates of first congregational singing differ between sources; both are given. KJV: Eph 5:19; Col 3:16.

    Cited for: 1691 — Benjamin Keach Publishes Spiritual Melody: Hymns for the Congregation

  368. en.wikisource.org

    Dictionary of National Biography (1893), Marshman, Joshua, by Thomas Hamilton, Wikisource (birth, voyage, arrival 13 Oct 1799, translations, Chinese Bible, College, BMS break 1827, death Dec 1837); Wikipedia, Joshua Marshman (13 Oct 1799 landing; Chinese Bible 1822 credited to Lassar and Marshman; College prospectus 5 July 1818; death given as 6 Dec); KJV Matt 28:19-20 (bible-api.com).

    Cited for: 1799 · 1818 · 1822 — Joshua Marshman and the Serampore press: Scripture in the languages of Asia

  369. en.wikisource.org

    C. Fell Smith, “Patient, Thomas”, Dictionary of National Biography vol. 44 (1895, PD), Wikisource; quoted phrases verbatim. Cross-check: Wikipedia, “Thomas Patient” (same facts; d. 29 July 1666). Army, state and political episodes omitted. Rom 6:4 per KJV.

    Cited for: c. 1630s · 1644 · 1663 · 1666 — Thomas Patient: from a New England doubt to a Bristol jail

  370. en.wikisource.org

    Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 48 (1896), "Rippon, John," by Thomas Seccombe (PD; Wikisource), and William Cathcart, ed., The Baptist Encyclopedia (1881; PD), pp. 990–1 (baptisthistoryhomepage.com/rippon.john.bio.html). Quotations verbatim. KJV: Ephesians 5:19.

    Cited for: 1 August 1773 · 1800 · 1836 — John Rippon at Carter Lane, 1773

  371. en.wikisource.org

    W. P. Courtney, “Ryland, John (1753–1825)”, DNB vol. 50 (1897, PD), Wikisource; all quoted phrases verbatim; dates agree with Wikipedia “John Ryland”. The DNB’s tally of 8,691 sermons (“is said to have preached”) is not used. Poem title and 1816 Memoir per the DNB list of works. KJV: 2 Tim 3:16.

    Cited for: 29 Jan 1753 · Dec 1793 · 25 May 1825 — John Ryland of Northampton and Broadmead, Bristol

  372. en.wikisource.org

    DNB vol. 54 (1898), “Stennett, Joseph”, A. Gordon (Wikisource; US PD), quoted verbatim; it covers the family, Pinners’ Hall, the 1691 ordination, Julian’s eight hymns and Samuel Stennett. Title page of Hymns … Holy Supper (London: J. Darby for A. Bell, 1697) read from the page image (IA/Commons, PD); long s modernised. Matt 26:30 KJV verified (bible-api × getBible).

    Cited for: 1686 · 1691 · 1697 · 11 July 1713 — Joseph Stennett: Pinners’ Hall, and hymns “for the Celebration of his Holy Supper”

  373. en.wikisource.org

    DNB (1898), “Taverner, Richard” (title, printer, Cromwell, revision of Matthew’s, 1540, licence to preach, death). Wikipedia, “Taverner’s Bible” (influence on KJV). EB1911, “Bible, English” (“first purist”). 1539 wording read from the plate (Gallery). KJV: 1 John 2:1.

    Cited for: 1539 — Taverner’s Bible: “a spokesman with the father”

  374. en.wikisource.org

    A. Gordon, “Tombes, John”, DNB vol. 57 (1899, PD), Wikisource. All quoted phrases verbatim from the DNB. Birth year uncertain (1602 or 1603). He never joined a Baptist denomination as such; the Bewdley church was his own gathering. Matt 28:19 per KJV.

    Cited for: 1645 · 1650 · 1676 — John Tombes and the Defence of Believers’ Baptism

  375. en.wikisource.org

    Dictionary of National Biography (1899), Ward, William (1769-1823), by E. I. Carlyle, Wikisource (birth 20 Oct 1769, baptism at Hull 26 Aug 1796, Ewood Hall, Criterion May 1799, press, fire 1812, return 1818, US 1820-21, death 7 Mar 1823); Wikipedia, William Ward (missionary) (baptism given as 28 Aug 1796; fire March 1812; cholera); KJV Isa 40:8 (bible-api.com).

    Cited for: 1796 · 1799 · 1812 · 1823 — William Ward, printer of Serampore, and the fire of 1812

  376. en.wikisource.org

    DNB, 1901 supplement, Knibb, William, by Charlotte Fell Smith (Wikisource), citing Hinton, Life (1847); Wikipedia, “William Knibb” (1838 date of full freedom; Order of Merit, 1988) and “Baptist War”. Not claimed: “The monster is dead”; a Creole Bible. Isa 58:6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1824 · 1832 · 1838 — William Knibb of Falmouth, Jamaica, and the birth of freedom

  377. en.wikisource.org

    Cuthbert’s letter to Cuthwin on the death of Bede, tr. J. A. Giles (public domain), Wikisource; Wikipedia, “Bede” (dates; the boy Wilberht) and “Old English Bible translations” (translation lost). John 6:9 KJV verified on bible-api.com.

    Cited for: 26 May 735 — Bede translates the Gospel of John as he dies

  378. encyclopedia.com

    Encyclopedia.com: Encyclopedia of World Biography and American Eras (after W. G. McLoughlin, Isaac Backus and the American Pietistic Tradition, 1967). Full text of the Appeal: consource.org.

    Cited for: 1773 — Isaac Backus appeals to the public for religious liberty

  379. encyclopediaofalabama.org

    Encyclopedia of Alabama, “Judson College” (opening 7 Jan 1839; naming; founders; incorporation 9 Jan 1841; Alabama Baptist Convention 1843; 1903 charter; 2021 closure); Wikipedia, “Judson College (Alabama)” (1838 founding year; Siloam Baptist Church; Baptist affiliation; closure 2021).

    Cited for: 7 Jan 1839 · 1841 · 1843 · 1903 · 2021 — Judson Female Institute (Judson College), Marion, Alabama

  380. encyclopediaofalabama.org

    Encyclopedia of Alabama, “Samford University” (founders, 1841 charter, nine students Jan. 1842, 1854 fire, 1887/1957 moves, 1965 renaming, 1994 trustees); Samford University Special Collections timeline (chartered Perry County 1841; opened Marion 1842; S. S. Sherman first president).

    Cited for: 1841 · January 1842 · 1887 · 1965 — Howard College, the Alabama Baptists’ School

  381. equip.sbts.edu

    C. Fenner, SBTS Towers, Aug. 2015 (father; Ash & Evans 62; Rippon 47 after Doddridge 101; “biggest voice”; her death, quoted). Hymnary.org with Julian’s Dictionary of Hymnology (1760, 12 stanzas; 6 in Ash & Evans) and the Hartford Selection text (quoted; checked with CCEL). Wikipedia, “Anne Steele” (member at 14; reluctance; “Theodosia”). Angus Library (death date; no portrait). The drowned-fiancé story is omitted as refuted. Ps 19:10 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1760 · 1769 · 1787 — Anne Steele: “Father of mercies, in thy word”

  382. fbcharleston.org

    First Baptist Church of Charleston, “History.” Screven’s ordination and baptism per Wikipedia, “William Screven,” citing the church’s archived history and T. Nettles, Founders Journal 19/20 (1995) and H. A. Tupper, Two Centuries of the First Baptist Church of South Carolina (1889). Some sources give 26 rather than 28 members; the church’s own figure is used.

    Cited for: 25 Sept 1682 · late 1696 — William Screven’s church comes south: the First Baptist Church of Charleston

  383. find.library.upenn.edu

    Penn Libraries catalogue record and Digital Collections item for Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (editio princeps, “Great HE edition”, Ruth 3:15; format, black letter, summaries; Ross bookplate; rights NoC-US). Penn Libraries, “Ross Bible Collection” (gift of T. Edward Ross, 1946). The 1611 words were read from the plate (pp. 1433–34) and checked against King James Bible Online’s 1611 text. Spurgeon, sermon No. 2201 (19 April 1891): Bible Hub × Blue Letter Bible.

    Cited for: 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “The armour of Christians” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “he is a buckler to all those that trust in him” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “righteousnesse as a brestplate” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “the girdle of his loines” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “How beautifull vpon the mountaines” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “It is written, Man shall not liue by bread alone” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “Sanctifie them through thy trueth: thy word is trueth” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “How beautifull are the feete of them that preach the Gospel of peace” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “let vs put on the armour of light” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “the armour of righteousnesse, on the right hand, and on the left” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “the weapons of our warfare are not carnal” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “Bee carefull for nothing: but in euery thing by prayer” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “the brestplate of faith and loue” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “warre a good warfare” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “Fight the good fight of faith” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “a good souldier of Iesus Christ” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “I haue fought a good fight” (The Gallery); 1611 (London: Robert Barker) — The King James Bible of 1611: “sharper then any two edged sword” (The Gallery)

  384. firstamendment.mtsu.edu

    John R. Vile, “John Clarke,” The First Amendment Encyclopedia (Middle Tennessee State University, 2024), citing J. Clarke, Ill News from New England (1652) and the 1663 Charter; charter spelling as quoted there. Vile also notes T. D. Bozeman’s caution (Church History 75, 2006) that Clarke’s later views were more complicated than the heroic portrait.

    Cited for: 1638 · 1652 · 1663 — John Clarke: the Newport church, and a charter for liberty of conscience

  385. firstbaptistchurchinamerica.org

    The First Baptist Church in America, “History”; early meetings and building dates per Wikipedia, “First Baptist Church in America.”

    Cited for: 1638 — The First Baptist Church in America is gathered at Providence

  386. founders.archives.gov

    Founders Online (National Archives; Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series 2, UVA Press): Washington to the United Baptist Churches of Virginia, May 1789 (letter-book copy, DLC:GW), with the General Committee’s Richmond address of 8–10 May 1789 quoted in note 1. Letter text cross-checked with Teaching American History. Micah 4:4 KJV verified.

    Cited for: May 1789 — The Virginia Baptists write to President Washington, and he replies

  387. founders.org

    Founders Ministries, “A Short Treatise … Griffith” (founders.org/?p=16796: 1688–1768, Wales→America 1710, treatise 1743, opening sentence); Spencer, Early Baptists of Philadelphia (1877) ch. 5, 7 (reformedreader.org: ordained 23 Oct 1725; 1742 adoption; 1746, 1749); Montgomery church history (baptisthistoryhomepage.com/penn.bapt.hist.shadrach.html: died 5 Oct 1768); KJV 1 Cor 14:40.

    Cited for: 1725 · 1743 · 1768 — Benjamin Griffith of Montgomery: a pastor’s treatise on the order of a gospel church

  388. franklincollege.edu

    Franklin College, “A Brief History of Franklin College” (5 June 1834, original name, Baptist ministers and laymen, 1842 Women’s Department, 1847 first graduate); Encyclopedia of Indianapolis, “Franklin College” (S. S. Snideman, 2021: opened 1837, ~40 students, Panic of 1837, Dec 1844 renaming); Wikipedia (seventh coeducational in the nation).

    Cited for: 5 June 1834 · 1837 · 1842 · Dec 1844 · 1847 — The Indiana Baptist Manual Labor Institute: Indiana Baptists found the school that became Franklin College

  389. furman.edu

    Furman University, “Our History” (founding year, the moves, Richard and James C. Furman, the Task Force, Vaughn, and the 1992 separation; the SC Encyclopedia gives 1990). The 1825 resolution, High Hills, Winnsboro, February 1851 and the McBee purchase are from Furman Special Collections, “Furman University Historical Timeline” (libguides.furman.edu). The January 1827 opening is from Wikipedia, “South Carolina Baptist Convention.”

    Cited for: 1826 · February 1851 — Furman Academy and Theological Institution, and the move to Greenville

  390. georgiaencyclopedia.org

    S. D. Martin, “Andrew Bryan,” New Georgia Encyclopedia (2005, ed. 2018), citing L. Fitts, A History of Black Baptists (1985) and C. G. Woodson, The History of the Negro Church (1921). The name “Ethiopian Church of Jesus Christ,” the first building (begun 1793) and the later name First Bryan (1867) per Georgia Historical Society, marker “First Bryan Baptist Church: Constituted 1788” (2014). First African Baptist’s descent per New Georgia Encyclopedia.

    Cited for: January 1788 — Andrew Bryan and the Savannah church are recognised

  391. georgiaencyclopedia.org

    R. G. Gardner (Mercer University), “Daniel Marshall,” New Georgia Encyclopedia (2005/2013), with the Edwards quotation from his Materials towards a History of the Baptists. Also J. Burch, “Kiokee Baptist Church,” NGE (2007/2017), and Wikipedia, “Kiokee Baptist Church” (baptisms in Kiokee Creek; NRHP 1978). The NGE articles differ on 1784 or 1785 for the Georgia Baptist Association, and both years are given.

    Cited for: 1772 · 1784 — Daniel Marshall gathers the Kiokee church in Georgia

  392. georgiaencyclopedia.org

    E. J. Cashin, “Springfield Baptist Church,” New Georgia Encyclopedia (2006, ed. 2020), citing W. H. Brooks (1922) and M. Sobel (1988). Founding by Jesse Peters in 1787, the “oldest independent” claim, White, Coulter, Turney and Watts per Georgia Historical Society, marker “Springfield Baptist Church: Birthplace of Morehouse College” (1992).

    Cited for: 14 February 1867 — The Augusta Institute opens at Springfield Baptist Church

  393. georgiahistory.com

    Georgia Historical Society marker “Mercer University” (1959); New Georgia Encyclopedia, “Mercer University” and “Jesse Mercer (1769–1841)”; Mercer University, Spencer B. King Jr. Center for Southern Studies, “Universities Studying Slavery” (kingcenter.mercer.edu/universities-studying-slavery/).

    Cited for: 14 January 1833 — Mercer Institute opens at Penfield, Georgia

  394. gla.ac.uk

    University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections exhibition (MS Hunter 191: pocket size, incomplete New Testament, the John Lewis inscription). Dates, the Vulgate source, the 1408 convocation and the 250 surviving manuscripts per Wikipedia, “Wycliffe’s Bible”.

    Cited for: late 14th century — A Wycliffite New Testament: the opening of John (The Gallery)

  395. gospelstudies.org.uk

    The Orthodox Confession of 1679 (Baptist Quarterly 17:1, gospelstudies.org.uk/biblicalstudies/pdf/bq/17-1_035.pdf: 50 articles, Aylesbury, signed 30 Jan 1679, Monck, ~54 subscribers, printed 1679); preface and text, SWBTS Journal 48.2 (swbts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/48.2_Monck.pdf: “little Manual, or Orthodox Confession,” Aylesbury 1678); Wikipedia, “Orthodox Creed”; creeds article quoted at secundumscripturas.com “Baptists and the Creeds”; KJV 2 Tim 1:13, Jude 3.

    Cited for: 1678–79 — The Orthodox Creed: General Baptists of the Midlands hold fast the form of sound words

  396. gutenberg.org

    John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from this world to that which is to come, Project Gutenberg eBook #131 (PD), the armoury scenes (paragraphs 135 and 138) and the Valley of the Shadow of Death (paragraph 161; the Eph. 6:18 marginal reference is Bunyan’s). Date: licensed and entered in the Term Catalogue, 18 February 1678, taken as first publication (Wikipedia, “The Pilgrim’s Progress”). KJV: Eph 6:11, 6:13.

    Cited for: 1678 — John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress: Christian is harnessed in the armoury

  397. gutenberg.org

    W. Carey, An Enquiry (Leicester: Ann Ireland, 1792), Project Gutenberg #11449 (PD), title page and text; Christian History 36 (1992), CHI. Harvey Lane and the 26 pages of tables per Wikipedia, “William Carey (missionary)”; sermon date per Wikipedia, “Deathless Sermon”; the watchword’s earliest form per M. Haykin, “The Famous Sermon by William Carey” (CBTS, 2022), citing Staughton (1811), p. 15; “charter” per Britannica, “Christianity: Protestant missions.”

    Cited for: 1792 · 30 May 1792 — Carey’s Enquiry and the Nottingham sermon

  398. gutenberg.org

    Richard Morris, ed., The Story of Genesis and Exodus, an Early English Song, about A.D. 1250 (EETS, 1865; Project Gutenberg 50685; phrases quoted from his introduction and his translation of the opening prayer). Also Wikipedia, “Middle English Story of Genesis and Exodus” (Norfolk c. 1250; 4,162 lines; creation to Moses’ death; earliest “firmament”). No plate. Gen 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1250 — The Story of Genesis and Exodus: the first books of Moses sung in English verse in Norfolk

  399. gwtoday.gwu.edu

    GW Today (George Washington University), “This Date in History: The Founding of Columbian College” (9 Feb 2015), for the petition, the charter and its wording, and the 1873 and 1904 renamings. Rice’s role, his treasurership from 1826, and his death in 1836 are from Wikipedia, “Luther Rice,” citing the GWU Gelman Library Guide to the Luther Rice Papers. Wikipedia gives 25 and 27 September 1836 for his death, so no day is given.

    Cited for: 9 February 1821 — Columbian College is chartered at Washington

  400. heritage.gov.rs

    Đ. Mano-Zisi, «Налаз из Текије» (“The Find from Tekija”), Саопштења I (Belgrade: Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia, 1956), with French summary; English rendering by the museum. The open question of the hoard’s owner is noted from Serbian Wikipedia, «Текијска остава».

    Cited for: buried in the AD 80s–90s — A soldier’s silver belt from the Tekija hoard (The Gallery)

  401. historyofinformation.com

    Jeremy Norman, HistoryofInformation.com #334 (22 April 1488, Abraham ben Hayyim for Joshua Solomon Soncino, 200–300 copies; ISTC ib00525500). Wikipedia, “Soncino family” (the 1485 parody, quoted from there), “Naples Bible” (first complete, no commentary), and “Early editions of the Hebrew Bible” (Luther’s 1494 Brescia copy). Isa 2:3 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 22 April 1488 — Soncino: the first complete Hebrew Bible is printed

  402. hmdb.org

    SC historical marker (erected 1976 by the church and Darlington Co. Historical Commission); L. Townsend, SC Baptists 1670–1805 (1935), pp. 40–49, baptisthistoryhomepage.com; SC Encyclopedia “Welsh” (scencyclopedia.org). Dates: 1738 per all; 1735–37 dismissals noted. Heb 10:25 per KJV.

    Cited for: January 1738 · 4 April 1743 — Welsh Neck: a church gathered on the Pee Dee River

  403. hmdb.org

    Kentucky Historical Society/Highways marker 1487, “Georgetown College” (1974); F. M. Masters, History of Baptists in Kentucky, ch. 16 (baptisthistoryhomepage.com); Wikipedia, “Georgetown College” (Malcom 1849; separation 2005, ended 2013).

    Cited for: January 1829 · 11 January 1830 — Georgetown College, the First Baptist College West of the Alleghenies

  404. hrp.org.uk

    Historic Royal Palaces, “The Hampton Court Conference of 1604.”

    Cited for: January 1604 — At Hampton Court, King James approves a new translation

  405. hymnary.org

    J. Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907), via Hymnary.org person and text pages (life; weekly hymns; 13 and 36; Ps 31:15 and his son’s death, after Rippon’s Baptist Register). DNB 1885, “Beddome, Benjamin” (Wikisource; quoted). Hymns adapted to Public Worship (London, 1817), Internet Archive (hymn 222 and Hall’s preface, quoted). Julian gives both 4 and 14 Jan 1778, so no day is stated. No licensed portrait found. Ps 31:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: January 1778 — Benjamin Beddome: “My times of sorrow and of joy”

  406. hymnologyarchive.com

    Hymnology Archive, “Come, thou fount of every blessing” and “Robert Robinson” (hymnologyarchive.com/robert-robinson); Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907), “Robinson, Robert” (stempublishing.com/hymns/biographies/robinson); Wikipedia, “Robert Robinson (Baptist)”; UMC Discipleship, “History of Hymns: Come, Thou Fount”; KJV, 1 Samuel 7:12.

    Cited for: 1758 · 1759 — Robert Robinson of Cambridge and “Come, Thou Fount of Every Blessing”

  407. hymnologyarchive.com

    C. Fenner, “How firm a foundation,” Hymnology Archive (2020), from the 1787 first printing and citing K. R. Manley, Redeeming Love Proclaim: John Rippon and the Baptists (2004) and J. Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1892). Rippon’s pastorate and the 1866 replacement per Wikipedia, “John Rippon.” The hymn text (1787) is public domain.

    Cited for: 1787 — Rippon’s Selection, and “How firm a foundation”

  408. johnrhudson.me.uk

    J. R. Hudson, “Life of Dan Taylor,” Brief Baptist History (Lee Mount Baptist Church, Halifax), for the baptism, ordination and the 6 June 1770 Whitechapel meeting. Birchcliffe stone, the Barton churches, about 70 chapels by 1817, the academy and the 1891 union per Wikipedia, “New Connexion of General Baptists” and “Daniel Taylor (Baptist pastor).”

    Cited for: 6 June 1770 — Dan Taylor and the New Connexion of General Baptists

  409. kingscollections.org

    King’s College London Special Collections, “The first Bengali New Testament” (exhibition: The Bible), describing the King’s copy of the 1801 edition. Carey’s part in the 1792 Baptist Missionary Society is told in the 1792 entry.

    Cited for: 1801 — Serampore: William Carey’s Bengali New Testament; 1801 (Serampore Mission Press) — William Carey’s Bengali New Testament: the title page (The Gallery)

  410. kzoo.edu

    Kalamazoo College, “College History” (Merrill, $7.00 and a Baptist college plan; Caleb Eldred; 1833; 1855 name and degree-granting; always co-educational; Female Department); Wikipedia, “Kalamazoo College” (founded 1833 by Baptist ministers; oldest private college in Michigan; 1837 Kalamazoo Literary Institute; Stone 1842–63; first degree to a woman 1870).

    Cited for: 1833 · 1837 · 1855 · 1870 — The Michigan and Huron Institute: Michigan Baptists found the school that became Kalamazoo College

  411. libguides.furman.edu

    Furman University Special Collections & Archives, “Rev. Oliver Hart Papers, 1755–1795: Biographical Sketch.” Date, member churches and purpose per the Charleston Baptist Association’s own history (charlestonbaptist.net/history).

    Cited for: 21 October 1751 — Oliver Hart forms the Charleston Baptist Association, the first in the South

  412. library.brown.edu

    Brown University Library, “Education for Everybody: The Founding” (online exhibit; quoting M. Edwards, Materials for a History of the Baptists in Rhode Island, 1771). University Hall’s construction in 1770 and its workforce per Wikipedia, “University Hall (Brown University)” (citing R. Emlen, “Slave Labor at the College Edifice,” Rhode Island History 66, 2008; Encyclopedia Brunoniana).

    Cited for: 1764 · 1770 — Rhode Island College, the first Baptist college, is chartered

  413. loc.gov

    Library of Congress, “The Gutenberg Bible,” Library of Congress Bible Collection exhibition.

    Cited for: c. 1455 — The Gutenberg Bible: the first great book printed from movable metal type

  414. loc.gov

    Library of Congress, “Religion and the Founding of the American Republic”, §4 (1777 import order; petition 21 Jan 1781; Sept 1782 resolution, quoted as printed there; printed after the title; first English Bible on the continent). LoC Bibliomania blog, 12 Jul 2023 (1,452 pages; title-page wording; only edition authorized by Congress). Wikipedia, “Robert Aitken (publisher)” (NT 1777; chaplains’ review; 1752 report; loss reported to Washington). Ps 119:105 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1782 — Robert Aitken’s Bible: the first English Bible published in the United States

  415. masshist.org

    Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections Online, “Witness to America’s Past” (first Bible printed in any language in North America; NT 1661, Bible 1663; Eliot at Roxbury, preaching from 1646; Nesutan, James Printer; Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; copies lost 1675–76; second edition 1685). Wikipedia, “Eliot Indian Bible” (title meaning; previously unwritten language; Cockenoe, Sassamon; 1,000 copies, 1,180 pp.; English and Welsh gifts). Acts 2:8 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1661 (NT) · 1663 — The Eliot Bible: the first Bible printed in North America, in the Massachusett tongue

  416. medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk

    Bodleian, Medieval Manuscripts: MS. Auct. D. 2. 19 (Birr, before 822; scribes A “Macregol” and B; Macregol prob. abbot of Birr d. 822; OE gloss 10th c.; glossators Owun and Farman “preoste æt harawuda”; Rushworth 1665, to Bodleian perhaps 1681). Also Wikipedia, “Old English Bible translations” (c. 950–970; Farman: Matthew + some of John). Plate: KU Leuven lantern slide. Ps 119:130 KJV verified.

    Cited for: before 822 · gloss c. 950–970 — The Macregol (Rushworth) Gospels: an Irish Gospel book given an English gloss by Farman and Owun

  417. metropolitantabernacle.org

    Metropolitan Tabernacle, “History of the Tabernacle.” Dedication date, architect, seating and 1881 membership per Wikipedia, “Metropolitan Tabernacle” (citing S. J. Hunt, Handbook of Megachurches, 2019, p. 50; W. Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopedia, vol. 3, p. 1095). Spurgeon’s call in 1854 is told in the 1854 entry.

    Cited for: 18 March 1861 — The Metropolitan Tabernacle is opened

  418. ncpedia.org

    NCpedia: David T. Morgan, “Stearns, Shubal, Jr.,” Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, ed. W. S. Powell (UNC Press, 1994), citing Semple (1810), Benedict (1813), and Morgan Edwards’s manuscript history.

    Cited for: November 1755 — Shubal Stearns gathers the Sandy Creek church in North Carolina

  419. newadvent.org

    Irenaeus, Against Heresies III.11.8 (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1, trans. Roberts & Rambaut, 1885, public domain; text at newadvent.org), quoted verbatim. Dating and textual survival: Wikipedia, “Against Heresies” (c. 180, from the reference to Eleutherus; Greek fragments; early Latin version). 1 Tim 3:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 180 — Irenaeus of Lyons: “neither more nor less” than four Gospels

  420. newadvent.org

    Justin Martyr, First Apology 67 (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1, trans. Dods & Reith, 1885, public domain; text at newadvent.org), quoted verbatim. Justin’s own term “called Gospels” is from First Apology 66, same source. Life and date (155–157, from the reference to Lucius Munatius Felix): Wikipedia, “First Apology of Justin Martyr”. 1 Tim 4:13 KJV verified. No plate.

    Cited for: c. 155–157 — Justin Martyr: the apostles and the prophets read aloud on the Lord’s day

  421. newadvent.org

    Polycarp, Epistle to the Philippians 12 (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 1, trans. Roberts & Donaldson, 1885, public domain; text at newadvent.org), quoted verbatim. Authenticity, Harrison’s two-letter theory, dating and Polycarp’s death c. 155–167: Wikipedia, “Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians”. Eph 4:26 KJV verified. No plate: no licensed manuscript image was found.

    Cited for: first half of the 2nd century — Polycarp of Smyrna quotes Ephesians as “these Scriptures”

  422. newadvent.org

    Tertullian, Prescription against Heretics ch. 36 (tr. Peter Holmes, ANF vol. 3, 1885, public domain), via New Advent; two short phrases quoted verbatim. Life, “trinity”, Montanism and Kaye’s pre-Montanist placement of the work: Wikipedia, “Tertullian”. No plate (none suitable). Col 4:16 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 200 — Tertullian: the apostles’ own writings read in the churches they founded

  423. newadvent.org

    1 Clement 47 (Ante-Nicene Fathers vol. 9, trans. John Keith, 1896, public domain; text at newadvent.org), quoted verbatim. Authorship and date: Wikipedia, “First Epistle of Clement” (internally anonymous; attributed to Clement, accepted by most scholars; most commonly c. 96 under Domitian, range to before 70). 1 Cor 1:12 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 96 — Clement of Rome: “Take up the epistle of the blessed Apostle Paul”

  424. newadvent.org

    Eusebius, Church History III.25 (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers 2nd ser. vol. 1, trans. McGiffert, 1890, public domain; text at newadvent.org), quoted verbatim. Dating: Wikipedia, “Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)” (end of 323 or 324). Canon tables: Wikipedia, “Eusebian Canons”.

    Cited for: c. 313–324 — Eusebius sums up the New Testament: accepted, disputed, rejected

  425. newadvent.org

    Eusebius, Church History IV.26.13–14, tr. A. C. McGiffert, NPNF 2nd ser. vol. 1 (1890), via New Advent (letter to Onesimus quoted). Wikipedia, “Melito of Sardis” (died c. 180; first Christian OT canon list; Esther absent; Wisdom/Proverbs debate). Plate: Rijksmuseum RP-P-1896-A-19368-1267, 1698 print, an imagined likeness. Luke 24:27 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 170 — Melito of Sardis: the earliest Christian list of the Old Testament books

  426. newadvent.org

    Eusebius, Church History V.10.1–3 (NPNF2 vol. 1, tr. McGiffert, via New Advent; quotations verbatim). Also Wikipedia, “Pantaenus” (Sicilian, Stoic, head of the school c. 180; teacher of Clement; no writings extant; Mar Thoma / Bar Tolmai suggestion; Gospel of the Hebrews possibility; Jerome dependent on Eusebius). Plate imagined (1698). Matt 24:14 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 180 (as reported by Eusebius) — Pantaenus of Alexandria finds the Gospel of Matthew already in “India”

  427. newadvent.org

    Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lecture 4.33–36, tr. E. H. Gifford, NPNF 2nd ser. vol. 7 (1894), via New Advent (quoted). Wikipedia, “Cyril of Jerusalem” (lectures c. 350 or 348; each based on a text of Scripture). Plate: engraving by Francesco Bartolozzi after Domenichino, an imagined likeness. 2 Tim 3:15 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 348–350 — Cyril of Jerusalem: “Read the Divine Scriptures”

  428. newadvent.org

    Synod of Laodicea, Canon 59, tr. H. R. Percival, NPNF 2nd ser. vol. 14 (1900), via New Advent (quoted; Canon 60 marked “of most questionable genuineness”). Wikipedia, “Council of Laodicea” (c. 363–364; about thirty clerics; sixty canons; Canon 60 doubtful, missing from Greek MSS and Latin versions; omits Revelation). Col 4:16 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 363–364 — The Synod of Laodicea: only the canonical books read in church

  429. ngu.edu

    North Greenville University, “History of North Greenville University” (ngu.edu); Stuart R. Sprague, “North Greenville College”, South Carolina Encyclopedia (2016, rev. 2022), scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/north-greenville-college/. Accreditation year differs (1957 / 1958), so both are given. No plate. Prov 22:6 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1892 · 16 January 1893 — North Greenville High School, Tigerville: a Baptist association teaches the mountain children

  430. nl.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia (nl), “Rijmbijbel” (adaptation of Comestor’s Historia scholastica; c. 27,081 lines in KB Brussel Ms. 15001; completed 25 March 1271; Maerlant’s own title “Scolastica in dietschen”; name a misnomer; typology stressed; later chapter divisions). Also en.wikipedia “Jacob van Maerlant” (Bruges, Damme). Plate: MMW 10 B 21 (Utrecht 1332). Gen 11:9 KJV verified.

    Cited for: finished 25 March 1271 — Jacob van Maerlant’s Rijmbijbel: Bible history in Dutch verse

  431. nlr.ru

    National Library of Russia, exhibition “Ostromir Gospel and the Manuscript Tradition”: Vukan Gospel (complete aprakos, c. 1200, Serbian recension; I+189 leaves; 2 cols, several hands, Monk Simeon; St John fol. 1v, Emmanuel fol. 76r; wolf-head initials; note fol. 189v, revised; oldest Rascian aprakos; to Imperial Public Library 1883 via Porfiry Uspensky; F.п.I.82). Ras/Nemanja also per Wikipedia “Vukan Gospel”. John 1:1 KJV verified.

    Cited for: c. 1200 — The Vukan Gospel: the Gospel readings of the year, written at Ras

  432. obu.edu

    Ouachita Baptist University, “A Brief History of Ouachita” (Nov 1885 authorization; April and June 1886; opening 6 Sep 1886; 1888 commencement; 1965 name; Conger quotation); Encyclopedia of Arkansas, “Ouachita Baptist University” (8 Apr 1886; Stevenson and Gilkey; first Baptist school in Arkansas; Arkadelphia gift); Wikipedia, “Ouachita Baptist University” (6 Sep 1886; 22 Jun 1886 Conger elected; river name; 1965).

    Cited for: 1885 · 6 Sep 1886 · 1965 — Ouachita Baptist College opens at Arkadelphia, Arkansas

  433. okbu.edu

    Oklahoma Baptist University, “About: Timeline” (1906 Commission; 1910 charter; 1911 opening; 1912 suspension; 1915 Shawnee Hall; 1920 name) and “About: History” (9 Feb 1910 incorporation); Wikipedia, “Oklahoma Baptist University” (1907 resolution; Carroll president 1910–12).

    Cited for: 1906 · 9 Feb 1910 · 1911 · 1915 · 1920 — The Baptist University of Oklahoma (Oklahoma Baptist University)

  434. pabible.org

    Pennsylvania Bible Society, “Our History” (Ralston letter 10 Nov 1808 to Josiah Roberts, quoted; first meeting 12 Dec 1808; White and Rush; the 24 managers incl. Staughton 1808–24 and Hopkins as recording secretary; stereotype plates, duty relief, 17,375 copies; renamed 1840). T. Armitage, A History of the Baptists (1887, PD), ch. 17 (Staughton, quoted). Isa 55:11 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 12 December 1808 — The Bible Society of Philadelphia: the first in America

  435. pennepackbaptist.org

    Pennepack Baptist Church, own history page (1686 arrival, imposture, Dungan, 1688 founding, eighth Baptist church in America, 1707 association); Morgan Edwards, account of Elias Keach, Baptist History Homepage baptisthistoryhomepage.com/keach.watts.morgan.by.edwards.html (c. 1686, conversion, baptized and ordained, Pennepek, 1692 departure; quoted); KJV 1 Tim 1:15 (bible-api.com).

    Cited for: c. 1686 · 1688 · 1692 — Elias Keach and Pennepek: a pretender, then a pastor

  436. reformedreader.org

    George Smith, Life of William Carey, Shoemaker & Missionary (this edition 1909; PD), ch. 14, “Carey as an Educator—The First Christian College in the East”; web text, reformedreader.org. KJV: 2 Tim 2:2. The pairing of 2 Tim 2:2 is the museum’s, not Smith’s.

    Cited for: 15 July 1818 — Serampore College: the Brotherhood publish their plan, 15 July 1818

  437. reformedreader.org

    Truett, Baptists and Religious Liberty (Nashville: Sunday School Board of the SBC, 1920; public domain), text at The Reformed Reader; each quotation also checked in the BibleBelievers.com transcription. Biography: Wikipedia, “George Washington Truett” (citing the Handbook of Texas, SBHLA and Holcomb 2008). “Toleration is a gift from …” is not quoted: printed texts differ. No plate. Gal 5:13 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 16 May 1920 — George W. Truett, “Baptists and Religious Liberty”, from the steps of the Capitol

  438. reformedreader.org

    Thomas Armitage, A History of the Baptists (New York: Bryan, Taylor & Co., 1887; PD), ch. XVI, “Theological Seminaries—Literature—Revivals,” the paragraph on the Newton Theological Institution; web text, reformedreader.org. KJV: 2 Tim 2:2. The pairing of 2 Tim 2:2 is the museum’s, not Armitage’s.

    Cited for: 25 May 1825 · autumn 1825 — The Newton Theological Institution, 1825; November 1850 — The Rochester Theological Seminary, 1850; 1867 — The Baptist Union Theological Seminary, Morgan Park, 1867

  439. reformedreader.org

    T. Armitage, A History of the Baptists (1887, PD), ch. 17: Judson grants 1830–35; 1833 instruction; Pearce and Yates 1835; managers’ resolution (quoted); 12–13 May 1836; Philadelphia 26 Apr 1837, 390 members; Cone; 1838 resolution (quoted). Cedarville University, An Outline of Baptist History, p. 21 (Yates; $5,000 declined; resolution wording; Philadelphia 1837). Ps 119:130 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 13 May 1836 · 26 April 1837 — The American and Foreign Bible Society: Baptists and the faithful translating of the Word; 22–23 May · 10 June 1850 — The American Bible Union: Baptists divided over revising the English Bible

  440. reformedreader.org

    D. Benedict, General History of the Baptist Denomination (Lincoln & Edmands; PD), “Baptists in Delaware”, quoting Morgan Edwards’s MS history; cross-checked on the 1848 OCR text at newrivernotes.com (same wording). The 1701 date rests on the church’s own record; the covenant is lost. Acts 2:42 per KJV.

    Cited for: June 1701 · 8 September 1701 · 1703 · 22 June 1706 — The Welsh Tract Church: a congregation that crossed the sea together

  441. reformedreader.org

    D. Benedict, General History of the Baptist Denomination (1813, PD; after Semple), Virginia chapter, reformedreader.org; quotes verbatim. Cross-check: ABHS, “Baptists Imprisoned” (abhsarchives.org): 4 June 1768, five jailed for disturbing the peace. Patrick Henry speech omitted (likely apocryphal). 2 Tim 2:9 per KJV.

    Cited for: 4 June – July 1768 — Preaching through the grates: Baptist preachers jailed at Fredericksburg

  442. romans45.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, vol. 1, Preface (Clapham, December 1869), text at The Spurgeon Archive (P. R. Johnson), romans45.org, with its introduction (serial publication, 1885 completion, 120,000 sets). Serial publication in The Sword and the Trowel and public-domain status also per Bible Study Tools, “The Treasury of David.”

    Cited for: December 1869 · 1885 — Spurgeon’s Treasury of David

  443. sbhla.org

    Southern Baptist Historical Library & Archives, “John Mason Peck” (from the Encyclopedia of Southern Baptists), for Peck, Welch, the 1820 withdrawal, Going’s 1831 tour and the 1832 founding. New York City, the statement of purpose (ABHMS, “Where we come from”), the 1833 appointments, Freeman and the post-war schools per Wikipedia, “American Baptist Home Mission Society.”

    Cited for: 1831 · 1832 — The American Baptist Home Mission Society

  444. sbhla.org

    Southern Baptist Historical Library & Archives, “Lottie (Charlotte) Moon” (after C. Allen, The New Lottie Moon Story, 1980; U. R. Lawrence, Lottie Moon, 1927).

    Cited for: 7 July 1873 — Lottie Moon is appointed missionary to China

  445. sbts.edu

    The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, “Founding: 1859–1878.” On the founders and slavery, see the seminary’s own Report on Slavery and Racism in the History of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (2018), linked from sbts.edu/history/southern-project.

    Cited for: 1859 · 1877 — The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary opens at Greenville, South Carolina

  446. scencyclopedia.org

    A. Scott Henderson, “Furman, Richard,” South Carolina Encyclopedia (USC Institute for Southern Studies, 2016); H. L. Turner, “South Carolina Baptist State Convention,” ibid. Furman University 1826 per the Charleston Baptist Association’s history (charlestonbaptist.net/history); see J. A. Rogers, Richard Furman: Life and Legacy (1985).

    Cited for: 1821 · 1826 — Richard Furman and the South Carolina Baptist State Convention

  447. scencyclopedia.org

    S. D. Martin, “Silver Bluff Baptist Church,” South Carolina Encyclopedia (University of South Carolina, 2016, updated 2022), citing W. H. Brooks, The Silver Bluff Church (1910) and “The Priority of the Silver Bluff Church and Its Promoters,” Journal of Negro History 7 (1922); G. Gordon, From Slavery to Freedom: The Life of David George (1992). Liele is told in his own entry (1773 · 1783 · 1792).

    Cited for: c. 1775 — The Silver Bluff Baptist Church

  448. spurgeon.org

    A. DiPrima, “What Was the Downgrade Controversy Actually All About?”, The Spurgeon Library (2022), quoting The Sword and the Trowel, September 1887, p. 465 (public domain). Shindler’s article, the censure of 13 January 1888, the April 1888 declaration and Susannah Spurgeon’s words per M. Hopkins, “The Down-Grade Controversy,” Christian History 29 (1991), christianhistoryinstitute.org. The church’s 1887 withdrawal per Metropolitan Tabernacle, “History of the Tabernacle.”

    Cited for: 1887–1888 — The Down-Grade Controversy

  449. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, “Shoes for Pilgrims and Warriors”, sermon No. 3,143, “Published on Thursday, May 6th, 1909 … at the Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington” (no preaching date printed), The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55, pp. 217–225 (public domain), read in the Spurgeon Library’s scan of the 1909 printing and checked against its transcription. KJV: Eph 6:15.

    Cited for: 6 May 1909 — Spurgeon’s “Shoes for Pilgrims and Warriors” is published

  450. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, “The Christian’s Helmet”, sermon No. 3,167, “Published on Thursday, October 21, 1909 … At The Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington, In the year 1866” (no day of preaching printed), The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55 (public domain); The Spurgeon Library transcription, checked against the Spurgeon Gems edition. KJV: 1 Thess 5:8.

    Cited for: 1866 · published 21 October 1909 — Spurgeon preaches “The Christian’s Helmet” at the Metropolitan Tabernacle

  451. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, “The Shield of Faith”, sermon No. 416, “Delivered on Sunday Morning, October 27th, 1861 … at the Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington”, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 7, pp. 545–552 (public domain), read in the Spurgeon Library’s scan of the original printing and checked against its transcription. KJV: Eph 6:16.

    Cited for: 27 October 1861 — Spurgeon preaches “The Shield of Faith” at the Metropolitan Tabernacle

  452. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, “The Sword of the Spirit”, sermon No. 2,201, “Delivered on Lord’s-day Morning, April 19th, 1891 … at the Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington”, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 37, pp. 229–240 (public domain), read in the Spurgeon Library’s scan of the original printing and checked against its transcription. KJV: Eph 6:17.

    Cited for: 19 April 1891 — Spurgeon preaches “The Sword of the Spirit” at the Metropolitan Tabernacle

  453. spurgeons.org

    Spurgeons, Our heritage (1867 gift, 1869 opening, girls ten years later, 500 children), spurgeons.org/about-us/our-heritage/; Spurgeon's Orphan Homes history, childrenshomes.org.uk/Spurgeon/ (promise 1866, foundation stones 9 Sept 1867, girls 1879); Christian History Institute, Caring for Children (Hillyard widow of an Anglican clergyman; stated purpose); Wikipedia, Spurgeons (debentures); KJV Ps 68:5, Jas 1:27 (bible-api.com).

    Cited for: 1867 · 1869 · 1879 — Spurgeon’s Stockwell Orphanage: a father to the fatherless

  454. stetson.edu

    Stetson University, history page (5 Nov 1883; DeLand and Griffith; lecture room of First Baptist Church, DeLand); Wikipedia, “Stetson University” (name changes; 1887 incorporation; 1889 Stetson name; Baptist affiliation 1885–1907 and 1919–1995; affiliation ended 1995).

    Cited for: 5 Nov 1883 · 1887 · 1889 · 1995 — DeLand Academy opens in a Baptist church at DeLand, Florida

  455. stpauls.co.uk

    St Paul’s Cathedral Library, “Tyndale’s New Testament.” Printer (Peter Schöffer, Worms) per worms.de.

    Cited for: 1526 — Tyndale’s New Testament is printed at Worms

  456. tennesseeencyclopedia.net

    Tennessee Encyclopedia, “Carson-Newman University” (Sept. 1851 opening, Rogers, first graduate 1855, 1856 and 1880 names, 1889 merger with Newman College); Carson-Newman University, “History” (Educational Society, Dec. 1851 charter, stated purpose, coeducation).

    Cited for: 1851 · 1880 · 1889 — Mossy Creek Seminary, the East Tennessee Baptists’ School

  457. tennesseeencyclopedia.net

    Tennessee Encyclopedia, “Union University” (10 Apr 1874 convention, Sept 1874 opening, June 1875 charter, 17 Sept 1907 renaming, 1925 charter, 1975 move); Union University, “History” (Baptist affiliation; 1848 Murfreesboro date).

    Cited for: 1874 · 1875 · 1907 — Southwestern Baptist University, the Tennessee Baptists’ School at Jackson

  458. textandcanon.org

    John D. Meade, “Did Nicaea Really Create the Bible?”, Text & Canon Institute (MBTS), 2021; first at The Gospel Coalition (no basis for the claim; no council record or eyewitness—Eusebius, Athanasius—mentions it; lists disputed before and after; Jerome’s Judith preface; Synodicon Vetus, ed. Pappus 1601; Voltaire). Council’s work per Wikipedia, “First Council of Nicaea”. No plate: icons show Arius struck down. John 10:27 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 325 — The Council of Nicaea, 325, and the myth that it chose the books of the Bible

  459. the1689confession.com

    The 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith (the1689confession.com), “About the Confession.”

    Cited for: 1677 · 1689 — The Second London Confession: “the 1689”

  460. thegospelcoalition.org

    Gordon L. Belyea, “Origins of the Particular Baptists”, Themelios 32.3 (TGC); quoted phrases verbatim, including the Kiffin Manuscript extract as Belyea prints it. Cross-checked: Wikipedia “John Spilsbury (Baptist minister)” (cobbler, 1633/1638, 1643/1652/1646 works). Belyea’s authorship remark is attributed to “some”. KJV: Acts 8:12.

    Cited for: 1633 · 1638 · 1643 · 1644 · c. 1668 — John Spilsbury: the Cobbler Who Led London’s First Calvinistic Baptist Church; 1640 · c. 1641 · 1644 — Richard Blunt Crosses to Holland: Baptism by Immersion Is Recovered in London

  461. tribune.org

    K. Bassham, “The BBFI – a history,” Baptist Bible Tribune (tribune.org, 2016). The Texas Hotel meeting, the Springfield land and the dormitories opened 5 Sept 1950, Vick’s presidency to 1975 and the 2024 renaming per Wikipedia, “Mission University.”

    Cited for: May 1950 — The Baptist Bible Fellowship and Baptist Bible College are founded

  462. tshaonline.org

    J. A. Reynolds, “Carroll, Benajah Harvey,” Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association (tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/carroll-benajah-harvey; birth, 1865 conversion, 1866 ordination, Waco pastorate 1871–99, Baylor 1872–1905, 1905 Baylor Theological Seminary, 1908 SWBTS, 1910 Fort Worth, d. 1914, Truett quotation); KJV 2 Tim 2:15.

    Cited for: 1905 · 1908 · 1910 — B. H. Carroll: a pastor-teacher gives the Bible to the next generation of preachers

  463. tshaonline.org

    TSHA Handbook of Texas, “Hardin-Simmons University” (1891 founding by Sweetwater Baptist Association; 1892, 1925, 1934 names; 1902–09 degrees); Wikipedia, “Hardin–Simmons University” (mission statement; cattlemen and pastors).

    Cited for: 1891 · 1892 · 1934 — Abilene Baptist College, the Baptist School of West Texas

  464. tyndale.org

    M. West, “The Bristol 1526 Tyndale Testament,” Reformation 1 (1996) 113–17, tyndale.org (prints Gifford’s 1782 will, J. White’s inscription, Ames’s 1743 letter); DNB (1889), Gifford, Andrew; A. S. Langley, “Andrew Gifford’s Gifts to Bristol,” TBHS 7 (1921) 240–43 (1785 duplicates). Not claimed: the Anne Boleyn tradition (West: no firm evidence); the 1994 price; West-sale prices. BM post dated 1757 per DNB. 1 Pet 1:25 KJV verified.

    Cited for: 1757 · 1776 · 1784 — Andrew Gifford of Eagle Street and the Bristol Tyndale

  465. umhb.edu

    University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, history page (charter 1 Feb 1845; 1851 division; 1866 charter; 1925, 1934, 1978 names); Wikipedia, “University of Mary Hardin–Baylor” (classes May 1846 at Independence; 24 students; Baptist General Convention of Texas affiliation).

    Cited for: 1 Feb 1845 · May 1846 · 1851 · 1934 · 1978 — The Baptist school at Independence that became Mary Hardin–Baylor

  466. unfoldinghistory.richmond.edu

    University of Richmond, “An Unfolding History: Formation & Early Years” (1830 Society, Dunlora, 1832 Spring Farm, Ryland, 1835 move, 1840 charter, enslaved labour); Wikipedia, “University of Richmond” (8 June 1830 resolution; 4 March 1840 charter; 2 Jan 1843 opening; 1920 renaming).

    Cited for: 1830 · 1832 · 1840 · 1843 — The Virginia Baptist Education Society and Richmond College

  467. web.colby.edu

    Colby College Special Collections, E. C. Marriner, “Little Talks on Common Things” #1164, 7 May 1978 (Chaplin 1818; farmhouse; 1820 professor; 15 May 1822 vote, quoted); Wikipedia, “Colby College” (27 Feb 1813 charter; 1820 Maine charter terms; 1821 name; theology dropped; Colby names).

    Cited for: 27 Feb 1813 · summer 1818 · 1821 · 1867 — The Maine Literary and Theological Institution: the Baptist school that became Colby

  468. wholesomewords.org

    Henry S. Burrage, Baptist Hymn Writers and Their Hymns (Portland, Maine: Brown Thurston & Co., 1888; PD), on Adoniram Judson, text via wholesomewords.org; quotation verbatim. Revision dates: Wikipedia, "Bible translations into Burmese" (secondary; cites Wayland, Memoir, 1853) — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Burmese. KJV: Psalm 119:105.

    Cited for: 14 November 1827 · 31 January 1834 · 1835–1840 — The Bible in Burmese: Adoniram Judson at Maulmain, 1834

II · For the plates

Images & their licences

Every image hangs only with a licence confirmed on its Wikimedia Commons record, or, for the one plate from the Bodleian Libraries, on Digital Bodleian. Works marked Public domain are free of copyright. Photographs under Creative Commons licences (Attribution, or Attribution-ShareAlike) are credited to their photographers as those licences require, and each links to its licence record. The Bodleian plate is shown under CC BY-NC 4.0 (Attribution-NonCommercial), with the Library’s own credit; this museum is free and sells nothing.

  1. The Septuagint: the Hebrew Scriptures in Greek

    Papyrus Rylands 458, fragments of Deuteronomy in the Greek Septuagint, mid-2nd century BC. John Rylands Library, Manchester, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  2. The Nash Papyrus: the Ten Commandments and the Shema in Hebrew

    The Nash Papyrus, facsimile published in Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology, vol. 25 (1903), p. 56, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  3. The Great Isaiah Scroll: the whole of Isaiah, a thousand years older than any copy then known

    The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaᵃ), photographic reproduction by Ardon Bar Hama for the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  4. Paul writes to the churches of Galatia: “not after man … but by the revelation of Jesus Christ”

    Papyrus 46, fol. 158r (c. 175–225): the close of Ephesians (6:20 ff.), then the heading “To the Galatians” and Galatians 1:1–8. University of Michigan (P. Mich. inv. 6238), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  5. Paul writes 1 Thessalonians: the word received “not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God”

    Papyrus 65, a 3rd-century copy of 1 Thessalonians 1:3–2:1 in Greek. Papyrological Institute, Florence (PSI XIV 1373), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  6. The Epistle of James: “be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only”

    Papyrus 23 (P. Oxy. X 1229), early 3rd century: James 1:10–12 in Greek. Spurlock Museum, University of Illinois, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  7. Paul writes 2 Thessalonians: “stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught”

    Papyrus 92 (P. Narmuthis inv. 69.39a + 69.229a): Ephesians 1:11–13, 19–21 and 2 Thessalonians 1:4–5, 11–12 in Greek. Egyptian Museum, Cairo, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  8. Paul writes 1 Corinthians from Ephesus: “not in the words which man’s wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Ghost teacheth”

    Papyrus 46, fol. 79v (c. 175–225): 1 Corinthians 2:11–3:5 in Greek. University of Michigan (P. Mich. inv. 6238), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  9. Paul writes 2 Corinthians from Macedonia: “My grace is sufficient for thee”

    Papyrus 46, fol. 142r (c. 175–225): 2 Corinthians 11:33–12:9 in Greek. University of Michigan (P. Mich. inv. 6238), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  10. Paul writes to the Romans from Corinth: “the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth”

    Papyrus 40, 3rd century: fragments of Romans 3:21–26, “the righteousness of God … by faith of Jesus Christ”. Institut für Papyrologie, Heidelberg (P. Heid. inv. G 645), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  11. Paul writes to Philemon: “not now as a servant, but … a brother beloved”

    Papyrus 87 (P. Col. theol. 12), early 3rd or late 2nd century: Philemon 13–15 in Greek. University of Cologne, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  12. Paul writes to the Ephesians, “an ambassador in bonds”: the letter that names the whole armour of God

    Papyrus 49, a 3rd-century copy of Ephesians 4:16–29 in Greek. Beinecke Library, Yale University (P. CtYBR inv. 415), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  13. Paul writes to the Philippians from his bonds: “I press toward the mark”

    Papyrus 16 (P. Oxy. 1009), 3rd or 4th century: Philippians 3:10–17 in Greek. Found at Oxyrhynchus; Alexandria Antiquities Museum, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  14. Paul writes to the Colossians: “Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly”

    Papyrus 46 (P. Chester Beatty II), fol. 15 + 90, c. 175–225: a bifolio with Romans, the end of Philippians and the beginning of Colossians in Greek. Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  15. The Epistle to the Hebrews: the word of God “sharper than any twoedged sword”

    Papyrus 13, fragment 1 (c. 225–250): Hebrews 4:2–12 in Greek. British Library (Inv. 1532v), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  16. Paul writes to Titus in Crete: “Holding fast the faithful word”

    Papyrus 32 (Rylands Gr. P. 5), c. AD 200: Titus 1:11–15 in Greek. John Rylands Library, University of Manchester, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  17. Peter writes to the scattered churches: “the word of the Lord endureth for ever”

    Papyrus 81, 4th century: 1 Peter 2:20–3:1 in Greek. Private collection of S. Daris, Trieste, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  18. The Second Epistle of Peter: “holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost”

    Papyrus 72 (P. Bodmer VIII), 3rd–4th century: the end of 1 Peter and the beginning of 2 Peter in Greek. Vatican Apostolic Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  19. The Gospel according to Mark: “my words shall not pass away”

    Papyrus 45 (P. Chester Beatty I), early 3rd century: a fragment of Mark 8:35–9:1 in Greek. Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  20. The Gospel according to Matthew: “one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law”

    Papyrus 104 (P. Oxy. 4404), 2nd century: Matthew 21:34–37 in Greek. Oxyrhynchus papyri, Oxford, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  21. The Gospel according to Luke: “that thou mightest know the certainty of those things”

    Papyrus 4, fragment D (dated from the late 2nd to the 4th century): Luke 6:4–16 in Greek. Bibliothèque nationale de France (Suppl. gr. 1120), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  22. The Acts of the Apostles: the Bereans “searched the scriptures daily”

    Papyrus 91 (P. Mil. Vogl. inv. 1224 + Macquarie inv. 360), mid-3rd century: Acts 2:30–37 and 2:46–3:2 in Greek. University of Milan, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  23. The Epistle of Jude: “earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints”

    Papyrus 78 (P. Oxy. XXXIV 2684), 3rd–4th century: Jude 4–5 and 7–8 in Greek. Sackler Library, Oxford, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  24. The Gospel according to John is written: the last of the four, “that ye might believe”

    Papyrus 90 (P. Oxy. 3523), late 2nd century: John 18:36–19:1, “my kingdom is not of this world” and Pilate’s question. Sackler Library, Oxford, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  25. John on Patmos writes the Revelation to the seven churches of Asia: the last book of the Bible

    Papyrus 98, dated c. 150–250: Revelation 1:13–2:1, John’s vision of Christ among the seven candlesticks and the start of the letter to Ephesus. French Institute of Oriental Archaeology, Cairo (P. IFAO inv. 237b), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  26. The First Epistle of John: “that ye may know that ye have eternal life”

    Papyrus 9 (P. Oxy. III 402), 3rd century: 1 John 4:11–12, 14–17 in Greek. Houghton Library, Harvard University, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  27. Clement of Rome: “Take up the epistle of the blessed Apostle Paul”

    A page of the Epistle of Clement as preserved at the end of the Codex Alexandrinus (5th century), from Roger Fenton’s photographic facsimile of 1856. Metropolitan Museum of Art, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  28. The Chester Beatty papyri: the Law and the Prophets in early Christian books

    P. Chester Beatty VI: fragments of Deuteronomy, 2nd century (P. Mich. inv. 5554, recto). University of Michigan Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  29. Ignatius of Antioch writes to the Ephesians and names Paul’s letters

    Ignatius “Theophoros” holding a Gospel book: Byzantine glazed tile, 10th century. Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  30. Polycarp of Smyrna quotes Ephesians as “these Scriptures”

    Polycarp in the procession of saints: mosaic, Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, completed by c. 526, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  31. Papias of Hierapolis: the earliest word on how Mark and Matthew came to be written

    Papias, an imagined portrait: hand-coloured woodcut by Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  32. Papyrus 52: the St John fragment, the earliest surviving piece of the New Testament

    Rylands Papyrus P52, recto (John 18:31–33). John Rylands Library, University of Manchester, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  33. Aquila of Sinope makes a word-for-word Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible

    Aquila’s column beside Symmachus and the Septuagint: specimen of the Hexapla at Psalm 45:1–4 (Greek numbering 44), after Klostermann’s Milan fragments. Dictionnaire de la Bible, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  34. Marcion cuts down the Scriptures, and the churches hold to the whole

    St John with a figure identified by R. Eisler (1938) as Marcion. Italian manuscript, 11th century, Morgan Library MS M.748, fol. 150v. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  35. The Peshitta: the Scriptures in Syriac

    A parchment manuscript of the Peshitta, 9th century, displayed at the National Library of Israel, Jerusalem. Photograph by JHistory, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  36. Justin Martyr: the apostles and the prophets read aloud on the Lord’s day

    Justin Martyr, an imagined portrait: engraving from André Thevet, Les vrais pourtraits et vies des hommes illustres (1584), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  37. Tatian’s Diatessaron: the four Gospels woven into one

    Ephrem the Syrian’s Commentary on the Diatessaron, Syriac on parchment, Egypt, late 5th or early 6th century. Chester Beatty Library, Dublin (CBL Syc 709), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  38. The Muratorian fragment: an early list of New Testament books

    The Muratorian fragment, 8th-century copy. Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan, Cod. J 101 sup., via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  39. Melito of Sardis: the earliest Christian list of the Old Testament books

    Melito, bishop of Sardis, teaching the Christian faith: an imagined likeness in a Dutch book illustration of 1698. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (RP-P-1896-A-19368-1267), via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  40. Papyrus 46: the earliest book of Paul’s letters — Ephesians 6 included

    Papyrus 46, folio 157 verso (Ephesians 6:8–18). University of Michigan Papyrology Collection, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  41. Irenaeus of Lyons: “neither more nor less” than four Gospels

    Title page of the first printed edition of Irenaeus, Against Heresies, edited by Erasmus and printed by Johann Froben, Basel, 1526. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Rome, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  42. Theophilus of Antioch names John among the inspired writers — and first uses the word “Trinity”

    Theophilus of Antioch, an imagined likeness from the Nuremberg Chronicle (1493), woodcut by Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  43. Theodotion’s Greek version, whose Daniel the churches came to read

    Specimens of Origen’s columns after Field’s Hexapla; the top row sets Daniel 9:26 in Aquila, Symmachus, the Septuagint and Theodotion. Dictionnaire de la Bible, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  44. Pantaenus of Alexandria finds the Gospel of Matthew already in “India”

    Pantaenus of Alexandria, with his school below: an imagined likeness, Dutch print of 1698. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (RP-P-1896-A-19368-1268), via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  45. The Coptic versions: the Scriptures in the tongue of Egypt

    Papyrus Bodmer III, fol. 77r: Genesis 2:16–19 in Bohairic Coptic, 4th century. Bodmer Lab, University of Geneva, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  46. Papyrus 47: the oldest surviving copy of the Book of Revelation

    Papyrus 47, folio 7 recto (Revelation 13:16–14:4), early 3rd century. Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  47. Papyrus 967: Ezekiel, Daniel and Esther in one early Greek book

    Papyrus 967, P. Köln Theol. 37v: the close of Susanna and the scribe’s blessing, 3rd century. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  48. The Magdalen papyrus: scraps of Matthew 26 from an early Gospel codex

    Papyrus 64 (the Magdalen papyrus), fragments of Matthew 26. Magdalen College, Oxford, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  49. Papyrus 66: St John’s Gospel in a little codex

    Papyrus 66 (P. Bodmer II): the title and opening of St John’s Gospel (John 1:1 ff.). Bibliotheca Bodmeriana, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  50. Papyrus 1: the opening of Matthew, “the book of the generation of Jesus Christ”

    Papyrus 1, recto: Matthew 1 in Greek. Penn Museum, University of Pennsylvania (E 2746), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  51. Origen’s Hexapla: the Old Testament in six columns

    Facsimile of a hexaplaric text from the Codex Barberini, from Vigouroux, Dictionnaire de la Bible, vol. III (1912), art. “Hexaples,” via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  52. Dura-Europos: the earliest known house church, and its baptistery

    Women approaching a great tomb, most likely the women at Christ’s tomb: wall painting from the Dura-Europos house church, c. 240–256. Yale University Art Gallery; photograph via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  53. The Vetus Latina: the Old Latin Bible before Jerome

    Codex Vercellensis (Old Latin Gospels, codex a), fols 196v and 181r. Museo del Tesoro del Duomo e Archivio Capitolare, Vercelli, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  54. Dura Parchment 24: the four Gospels woven into one account

    Dura Parchment 24 (0212), 3rd century: a Greek harmony of the Gospel accounts of the women at the cross and Joseph of Arimathea. Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Yale; archival photograph via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  55. Papyrus 72: the earliest complete copy of 1 and 2 Peter and Jude

    Papyrus 72 (P. Bodmer VIII), bifolio with the ending of 2 Peter. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  56. Diocletian’s edict: the Scriptures ordered to be burned

    Marble head of Diocletian, found at Nicomedia, late 3rd century. Istanbul Archaeology Museums. Photo: Yair Haklai, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  57. Eusebius sets the four Gospels side by side: the canon tables

    The London Canon Tables: Eusebian canon tables on gold-stained vellum, Byzantine, 6th or 7th century. British Library, Add MS 5111, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  58. Eusebius sums up the New Testament: accepted, disputed, rejected

    Rabbula Gospels (Syriac, completed 586), fol. 4v: the Eusebian canon tables for the four Gospels. Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, Plut. I.56, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  59. Cyril of Jerusalem: “Read the Divine Scriptures”

    Cyril of Jerusalem, an imagined likeness: engraving by Francesco Bartolozzi after a painting by Domenichino, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  60. The Synod of Laodicea: only the canonical books read in church

    The Western Theatre at Laodicea on the Lycus in Phrygia, the city where the synod met. Photo: Basak, 2021, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  61. Athanasius lists the twenty-seven books of the New Testament

    Athanasius holding a book: icon from Sozopol, late 17th century, tempera on wood. National Art Gallery, Sofia, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  62. Ulfilas and the Gothic Bible

    Codex Argenteus (the Silver Bible), fol. 97, Gothic Gospels, c. 500. Uppsala University Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  63. Jerome and the Latin Vulgate

    Codex Sangallensis 1395, Vulgate Gospels, John 16:30–17:8, 5th or 6th century. Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  64. John Chrysostom preaches on the whole armour of God

    John Chrysostom, icon, Novgorod school, 15th century. National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design, Oslo (NG.M.01522), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  65. Augustine in Milan: “Take up and read”

    Benozzo Gozzoli, St Augustine reading the Epistle of St Paul (“Tolle lege”), fresco, 1464–65, Sant’Agostino, San Gimignano. A later depiction, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  66. The Synods of Hippo and Carthage list the canon

    The Roman ruins of Hippo Regius (Annaba, Algeria); the basilica on the hill behind is 19th-century. Photo: Carole Raddato, 2022, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 2.0 · licence record

  67. Codex Washingtonianus: the four Gospels in an early Greek book

    Washington Manuscript III, the Four Gospels (Codex Washingtonensis), ink on parchment, Egypt, late 4th–early 5th century. Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  68. Codex Glazier: the Acts of the Apostles in the Coptic of Middle Egypt

    Codex Glazier: a page opening of the Coptic Acts. Morgan Library & Museum, New York, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  69. The Old Syriac Gospels: the Curetonian manuscript

    The Curetonian Gospels: a facsimile page in Estrangela script, from The S.S. Teacher’s Edition of the Holy Bible (1890s), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  70. The Cotton Genesis: a Greek Genesis that came through fire

    Cotton Genesis, fragment 26v: Abraham and the angels (Genesis 18), a leaf scorched in the fire of 1731. British Library, Cotton MS Otho B VI, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  71. Codex Veronensis: the Gospels in silver on purple, as the West read them before Jerome

    Codex Veronensis, a purple leaf written in silver and gold. Biblioteca Capitolare, Verona, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  72. Mesrop Mashtots: an alphabet made for the Bible in Armenian

    A page of an Armenian Gospel book written in 989, with ekphonetic (chanting) signs. Matenadaran, Yerevan, Ms. 2374, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  73. The Quedlinburg Itala: the oldest illustrated Bible leaves

    Quedlinburg Itala, a page of text in uncial script. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Cod. theol. lat. fol. 485, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  74. Codex Alexandrinus: the whole Greek Bible in one book

    Codex Alexandrinus, fol. 41v: the end of the Gospel of Luke with its decorative tailpiece, 5th century. British Library, Royal MS 1 D VIII, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  75. Codex Bezae: a Greek–Latin Gospel book that passed through Stephanus and Beza

    Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis, Greek text of John 3:26–4:1, 5th century. Cambridge University Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  76. Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus: a whole Greek Bible hidden beneath sermons

    Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus: the opening of St Luke’s Gospel in the lower (5th-century) writing. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Grec 9, via Gallica and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  77. Codex Claromontanus: the letters of Paul in Greek and Latin, face to face

    Codex Claromontanus, leaf 468v: part of the inserted list of books with their line-counts. Bibliothèque nationale de France, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  78. The Garima Gospels: the four Gospels in Ethiopic

    The Garima Gospels, fol. 3v: a canon table under an arch with birds and flowers. Abba Garima Monastery, Ethiopia, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  79. Codex Marchalianus: the Prophets copied in Egypt and kept for fourteen centuries

    Codex Marchalianus, 6th century: Ezekiel 1:28–2:6. Vatican Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  80. Codex Zacynthius: St Luke hidden under a later book, and kept by a Bible Society

    Codex Zacynthius: Luke 3:7–8 with commentary in the lower writing, beneath a later lectionary text of Matthew 26. Cambridge University Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  81. Codex Beratinus: Matthew and Mark in silver on purple

    Codex Purpureus Beratinus: a purple leaf with Matthew 6:30–7:2 in silver capitals. National Archives of Albania, Tirana, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  82. The Vienna Genesis: Genesis in silver on purple

    Vienna Genesis, Rebecca and Eliezer at the well (Genesis 24). Austrian National Library, cod. theol. gr. 31, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  83. Codex Laudianus: the Acts of the Apostles that Bede read

    Codex Laudianus: a facsimile of a page of Acts, Latin and Greek in parallel columns, from The S.S. Teacher’s Edition of the Holy Bible (1890s), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  84. Cassiodorus founds Vivarium and sets monks to copying the Scriptures

    Cassiodorus, an imagined portrait: hand-coloured woodcut, Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493, fol. 143v, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  85. Codex Fuldensis: a Latin New Testament corrected by its bishop, kept at Fulda since 745

    Codex Fuldensis, a spread of the first Epistle to the Corinthians (printed page 297 at right; 1 Cor 15:3–4 in Latin). Fulda University and State Library (Codex Bonifatianus 1), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  86. The Rossano Gospels: Matthew and Mark in silver on purple

    The Rossano Gospels (Codex Purpureus Rossanensis), 6th century. Archiepiscopal Treasury, Rossano Cathedral, Calabria, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  87. Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus: the Gospels in silver and gold on purple

    Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus, Gospel of Matthew 10:10–17, silver on purple parchment, 6th century, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  88. The Sinope Gospels: Matthew in gold on purple

    Sinope Gospels, fol. 11r, Matthew in gold on purple parchment, with the miniature of the five thousand fed, 6th century. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Suppl. grec 1286 (Gallica), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  89. Codex Brixianus: a Latin Gospel book in silver and gold, beside the Gothic Bible

    Codex Brixianus, a purple leaf written in silver. Biblioteca Civica Queriniana, Brescia, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  90. The Rabbula Gospels: the Syriac Peshitta Gospels, signed by their scribe in 586

    Rabbula Gospels, fol. 13v: the Ascension. Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence (Plut. I.56), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  91. The St Augustine Gospels: the Gospel book of the mission to the English

    St Augustine Gospels, fol. 129v, portrait of St Luke. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, MS 286. Photo: Gennadii Saus i Segura, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  92. The Ashburnham Pentateuch: the Books of Moses in Latin, painted scene by scene

    Ashburnham Pentateuch, fol. 76r: Moses receives the Law on Sinai. Bibliothèque nationale de France, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  93. Codex Usserianus Primus: perhaps the oldest surviving Irish book

    Codex Usserianus Primus, fol. 149v: the end of Luke and the opening of Mark, with a dotted cross between alpha and omega. Trinity College Dublin MS 55, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  94. The Syro-Hexapla: Origen’s Greek Old Testament in Syriac

    The Syro-Hexapla: a page of the Codex Syro-Hexaplaris Ambrosianus (Milan, C. 313 Inf.) in A. M. Ceriani’s photolithographic facsimile, Milan 1874. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  95. Alopen brings the Scriptures to China

    The head of the Xi’an Stele (781), with the cross and its title, “Memorial of the propagation in China of the luminous religion from Daqin”: drawing published by Henri Havret, 1895. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  96. Cædmon sings the Scriptures in English

    Cædmon’s Hymn in the Moore Bede, 8th century. Cambridge University Library, MS Kk.5.16, fol. 128r, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  97. The Echternach Gospels: a Gospel book carried to the mission field

    Echternach Gospels, the Man, symbol of St Matthew. Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS lat. 9389, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  98. The Codex Amiatinus: a whole Bible made at Jarrow

    Ezra the scribe, frontispiece of the Codex Amiatinus, fol. 5r, Monkwearmouth–Jarrow, c. 700. Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  99. The Book of Durrow: the oldest complete illuminated Gospel book of Britain and Ireland

    Book of Durrow, opening of the Gospel of Mark, c. 700. Library of Trinity College Dublin, MS 57, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  100. The St Cuthbert Gospel: the oldest intact European book is the Gospel of John

    St Cuthbert Gospel, fol. 1, the opening of the Gospel of John, Northumbria, early 8th century. British Library, Add MS 89000, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  101. The Lindisfarne Gospels, and the oldest English Gospels between their lines

    Lindisfarne Gospels, fol. 27r, the opening of Matthew, “Liber generationis,” early 8th century. British Library, Cotton MS Nero D.IV, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  102. The Lichfield (St Chad) Gospels: the Gospels, and the oldest written Welsh

    Portrait of St Luke (p. 218), St Chad Gospels, c. 730. Lichfield Cathedral; image: College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 3.0 · licence record

  103. Bede translates the Gospel of John as he dies

    The Venerable Bede, an imagined portrait, woodcut from the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493, fol. CLVIIIv, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  104. The Codex Aureus of Canterbury: the Gospels written in gold

    Codex Aureus of Canterbury, fols. 9v–10r: St Matthew and the opening of Matthew 1:18, mid-8th century. National Library of Sweden, MS A. 135, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  105. Codex Basilensis: the common Gospel text, waiting in Basel

    Codex Basilensis (E/07): a page with Mark 2:9–14, the healing of the man sick of the palsy. Basel University Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  106. The Book of Dimma: an Irish pocket Gospel book from the abbey of Roscrea

    Book of Dimma: the eagle, symbol of St John. Trinity College Dublin, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  107. The Lorsch Gospels: a golden Gospel book of Charlemagne’s age, now in three countries

    Codex Aureus of Lorsch, carved ivory cover (c. 810): Christ treading on the beasts, between archangels. Vatican (Bibliotheca Laureshamensis digital), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  108. The Godescalc Evangelistary: the Gospel readings in gold and silver on purple

    Godescalc Evangelistary, 781–783: Christ in Majesty holding the book. Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gallica), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  109. The Book of Mulling: a pocket Gospel book in the high Irish hand

    Book of Mulling, fol. 193: St John. Trinity College Dublin, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  110. The Dagulf Psalter: the Psalms written wholly in gold for a gift to Rome

    Dagulf Psalter, ivory front cover (before 795): David directs the writing of the Psalms, then sings them. Musée du Louvre (MR 370); photo Jebulon, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  111. The Ada Gospels: the book that gives Charlemagne’s court school its name

    Ada Gospels: St Matthew. Stadtbibliothek Trier (Codex 22); The Yorck Project, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  112. Alcuin of York corrects the Latin Bible at Tours

    The story of Adam and Eve (Genesis 2–3), Moutier-Grandval Bible, Tours, c. 830–840. British Library, Add MS 10546, fol. 5v, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  113. The Book of Kells: the four Gospels in Latin

    The Book of Kells, fol. 34r: the Chi Rho page, opening Matthew 1:18, c. 800. Trinity College Library, Dublin, MS A. I. 58, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  114. The Macregol (Rushworth) Gospels: an Irish Gospel book given an English gloss by Farman and Owun

    Ornament from the Macregol Gospels (Bodleian MS Auct. D. 2. 19): an early 20th-century teaching slide, KU Leuven EuroPhot collection, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  115. Codex Campianus: a Gospel book in minute capitals, given to a king

    Codex Campianus (M/021), fol. 91r: the beginning of the Gospel of Mark. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gr. 48, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  116. Codex Mosquensis II: from Mount Athos to Moscow

    Codex Mosquensis II (V/031): a page with Matthew 1:10–18, the close of the genealogy of Christ. State Historical Museum, Moscow, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  117. Codex Petropolitanus: a small Gospel book from Smyrna

    Codex Petropolitanus (Π/041), fols. 164v–165r: the beginning of the Gospel of Luke. National Library of Russia, Gr. 34, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  118. Codex Boreelianus: a Gospel book carried home to Holland

    Codex Boreelianus (F/09): the beginning of the Gospel of Mark, with its decorated headpiece and initial. Utrecht University Library, Ms. 1, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  119. Codex Seidelianus I: a Gospel book that reached Wolf, Wettstein and the Harleian library

    Codex Seidelianus I (G/011): an opening of the manuscript, two pages written in two columns. British Library, Harley MS 5684, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  120. Codex Macedoniensis: a small, carefully written Gospel book

    Codex Macedoniensis (Y/034): the subscription at the close of the Gospel of Luke. Cambridge University Library, Add. MS 6594, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  121. Codex Athous Dionysiou: a Gospel book still kept on Mount Athos

    Codex Athous Dionysiou (Ω/045): a page with John 21:15–22. Dionysiou monastery, Mount Athos, Ms. 55, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  122. The Book of Armagh: an Irish New Testament, with Patrick’s Confession

    Book of Armagh, fol. 32v: the symbols of the four evangelists (man, lion, calf, eagle), c. 807. Trinity College Dublin, MS 52, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  123. The Harley Golden Gospels: the four Gospels written in gold ink

    Harley Golden Gospels, fol. 161v: St John. British Library, Harley MS 2788, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  124. The Utrecht Psalter: a drawing for every psalm

    Utrecht Psalter, Psalm 150 (detail): men playing and blowing an organ, labelled “et organo.” Utrecht University Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  125. The Gospels of Saint-Médard de Soissons: the Fountain of Life in a court Gospel book

    Gospels of Saint-Médard de Soissons, fol. 6v: the Fountain of Life. Bibliothèque nationale de France (lat. 8850), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  126. The Stuttgart Psalter: every psalm illustrated, page by page

    Stuttgart Psalter, fol. 2r: the opening of Psalm 1, “Beatus vir”. Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Cod. bibl. fol. 23, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  127. The Vespasian Psalter: the oldest English rendering of any part of the Bible

    The Vespasian Psalter, fol. 30v: King David the psalmist with his musicians, 8th century. British Library, Cotton MS Vespasian A I, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  128. The Old High German Tatian: the four Gospels as one story, in Latin and German side by side

    The Old High German Tatian, St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 56, p. 25: Luke 1:1 in Latin (left) and Old High German (right), via e-codices and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  129. The Heliand: the life of Christ, “the Saviour”, sung in Old Saxon verse

    The Heliand, Munich manuscript: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cgm 25, fol. 5r, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  130. The Uspenski Gospels: the oldest dated manuscript of the New Testament

    The Uspenski Gospels (Minuscule 461, AD 835): the opening of St Mark’s Gospel, Mark 1:1–6. National Library of Russia, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  131. Codex Tischendorfianus IV: one Gospel book kept in two cities

    Codex Tischendorfianus IV (Γ/036): a page with Matthew 8:11–18. Bodleian Library, Oxford, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  132. The Vivian Bible: a whole Bible from the scriptorium of Tours

    Vivian Bible (First Bible of Charles the Bald), fol. 367v: initial P opening the Acts of the Apostles. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Latin 1 (Gallica), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  133. Codex Koridethi: a Greek Gospel book kept in the mountains of Georgia

    Codex Koridethi (Θ, 9th century): Mark 6:19–21, from the facsimile in Beermann and Gregory, Die Koridethi-Evangelien (Leipzig, 1913), via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 3.0 · licence record

  134. Codex Nanianus: the Gospels written “carefully and luxuriously” in gold-lettered capitals

    Codex Nanianus (U, 9th century): the opening of St Matthew’s Gospel, Matt 1:1–5. Biblioteca Marciana, Venice, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  135. Codex Cyprius: a complete Gospel book brought from Cyprus to Paris

    Codex Cyprius (K): the page with the Lord’s Prayer. Bibliothèque nationale de France; photograph by the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts (CSNTM), via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  136. Codex Augiensis: Paul’s letters in Greek and Latin, side by side, from Reichenau

    Codex Augiensis (F, 9th century): Ephesians 1:12–19, Greek and Latin in parallel columns. Trinity College, Cambridge, B.17.1, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  137. Codex Boernerianus: an Irish monk at St Gall reads Paul in Greek

    Codex Boernerianus (G, 9th century): folio 1, Greek with interlinear Latin, as digitised by the Saxon State and University Library (SLUB), Dresden, 2008, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  138. Cyril and Methodius: the Gospels in Slavonic

    Codex Zographensis, fol. 77r: the Gospels in Glagolitic Old Church Slavonic, late 10th or early 11th century. National Library of Russia, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  139. Otfrid of Weissenburg puts the Gospel into German verse

    Otfrid’s Evangelienbuch, Manuscript P, fol. 19v: the song of Mary, c. 870. Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, Cod. Pal. lat. 52, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  140. Codex Sangallensis 48: the four Gospels in Greek, with the Latin above each word

    Codex Sangallensis 48 (Δ, 9th century): folio 3r, the opening of Jerome’s letter to Damasus. Abbey Library of St Gall, Cod. Sang. 48, via Wikimedia Commons

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  141. The Codex Aureus of St Emmeram: the four Gospels in gold, under a cover bearing John 14:6

    Codex Aureus of St Emmeram, 870: the jewelled upper cover with Christ enthroned. Early 20th-century lantern slide (Franz Stoedtner, Berlin), KU Leuven collection, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  142. Codex S1 (Sassoon 1053): an almost complete Hebrew Bible a century older than Leningrad

    A page of Codex S1 (Sassoon 1053), Hebrew Bible, late 9th or 10th century (photograph Ardon Bar-Hama; National Library of Israel), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  143. King Alfred sets the Ten Commandments before his laws

    The Alfred Jewel, inscribed “AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN” (Alfred ordered me made), late 9th century; believed to be the handle of an æstel, a reading pointer like those Alfred sent out with his English Pastoral Care. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Photo: Giles Watson, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 2.0 · licence record

  144. Codex Cairensis: the Hebrew Prophets with their vowels and Masorah

    Codex Cairensis, p. 12: the opening of Joshua (reproduction from the facsimile). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  145. The Adishi Gospels: the four Gospels in Georgian

    The Adishi Gospels (897): two openings with Mark 7:11–8:2, plate 15 of the 1916 facsimile edition, photographed by Dmitri Yermakov. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  146. The Damascus Pentateuch: the Five Books of Moses with the Masorah, a thousand years old

    Damascus Pentateuch (NLI Ms. Heb. 24°5702), a page in three columns with Masoretic notes. National Library of Israel, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  147. The Mac Durnan Gospels: an Armagh Gospel book dedicated to God, then carried to Canterbury

    Mac Durnan Gospels, fol. 170v: St John. Lambeth Palace Library (MS 1370), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  148. The Aleppo Codex: the Masoretic Hebrew Bible in one volume

    Joshua 1:1 in the Aleppo Codex, 10th century, scanned by aleppocodex.org, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  149. Codex Vaticanus 354: the only dated Gospel book in capital letters

    Codex Vaticanus 354 (S, AD 949): Luke 17:34–18:8, beginning the parable of the unjust judge. Vatican Library, Vat. gr. 354, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  150. The Book of Deer: a pocket Gospel book whose margins hold Scotland’s oldest Gaelic writing

    Book of Deer, fol. 29v: the evangelist Luke. Cambridge University Library (MS Ii.6.32), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  151. The Gero Codex: an early Ottonian Gospel book from Reichenau

    Gero Codex, fol. 4v: the evangelist John. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, Cod. 1948, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  152. The Junius manuscript: Genesis, Exodus and Daniel in Old English verse

    Junius manuscript, page 1: the opening of the Old English Genesis. Bodleian Library, MS Junius 11, via Digital Bodleian and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  153. The Vercelli Book: English sermons and the Dream of the Rood

    Vercelli Book, fol. 80v: the opening of Homily XV, on the Day of Judgement. Biblioteca Capitolare, Vercelli, via the Digital Vercelli Book and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  154. The León Bible of 960: a Bible of both Testaments finished on a known day in Christian Spain

    León Bible of 960, Sanctus and Florentius: the opening initial of Genesis. Basilica of San Isidoro, León, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  155. The Glagolitic Gospels: Codex Zographensis and Codex Marianus

    Codex Zographensis: the first page of the Gospel of Mark in Glagolitic, late 10th or early 11th century. National Library of Russia, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  156. The Codex Egberti: the Gospel readings of the church year, pictured for Egbert of Trier

    Codex Egberti, fol. 27v: Christ rescues Peter from the sea. Stadtbibliothek Trier (Cod. 24), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  157. The Wessex Gospels and Ælfric’s Old Testament

    The Old English Hexateuch, 11th century, a page of the illustrated manuscript that used Ælfric’s translations. British Library, Cotton MS Claudius B IV, fol. 60r, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  158. Notker of St Gall puts the Psalms into German for his pupils

    Notker’s Psalter in Latin and Old High German, 12th-century copy. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 21, p. 244 (Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen), via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  159. The Hitda Codex: a Cologne Gospel book of Christ’s miracles, made for the abbess of Meschede

    Christ in Majesty, from the Hitda Codex. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt (Hs 1640), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  160. The Leningrad Codex: the oldest complete Hebrew Bible

    Carpet page (fol. 474a) of the Leningrad Codex, Cairo, 1008. Scan by USC Dornsife West Semitic Research Project, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  161. Codex Assemanius: the Gospel lessons in Glagolitic letters, beginning with John

    Codex Assemanius (Vatican, Cod. Vat. Slav. 3), a Glagolitic page with an ornamented initial, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  162. The Uta Codex: the Gospel readings in gold at Regensburg, grouped under each evangelist

    The evangelist John, from the Uta Codex, Regensburg, c. 1020–1025. Bavarian State Library, Munich (Clm 13601), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  163. The Old English Hexateuch: Genesis to Joshua in English, illustrated

    The building of the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11), Old English Illustrated Hexateuch, British Library Cotton MS Claudius B.iv, 11th century. The Yorck Project, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  164. The Codex Aureus of Echternach: the Gospels written entirely in gold

    Codex Aureus of Echternach, folio 24: text in gold with painted initials. Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  165. Rashi of Troyes explains “the plain sense of Scripture”

    The Book of the Prophets with Rashi’s commentary, France (?), late 13th century, MS. Opp. 2, fol. 207a. Image via The Jewish Museum, New York, and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  166. The Tiberius Psalter: the Psalms with an English word written over every line, at Winchester

    Tiberius Psalter, the opening of Psalm 1 (“Beatus vir”). British Library, Cotton MS Tiberius C VI, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  167. The Ostromir Gospels: the oldest dated book of the Eastern Slavs

    St Luke the Evangelist, miniature from the Ostromir Gospels, Novgorod, 1056–57. National Library of Russia, St Petersburg, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  168. The Stavelot Bible: four years of labour for one great book

    Christ in Majesty, Stavelot Bible, 1093–1097. British Library, Add MS 28106–28107, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  169. Minuscule 2: the Gospel manuscript Erasmus sent to the printer

    Minuscule 2 (Codex Basiliensis A. N. IV. 1), first page of Matthew. Universitätsbibliothek Basel, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  170. The Mstislav Gospel: the four Gospels in Old Church Slavonic for Novgorod

    Luke the Evangelist, miniature from the Mstislav Gospel, early 12th century. State Historical Museum, Moscow, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  171. The Bury Bible: Master Hugo’s giant Bible for the abbey of Bury St Edmunds

    The Vision of Ezekiel, Bury Bible, fol. 281v. Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 2. Photograph by Gennadii Saus i Segura, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  172. The Glossa Ordinaria: the Bible with the fathers in its margins

    The Book of Job with the Glossa Ordinaria, Latin manuscript of the 13th–14th century. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Latin 100, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  173. The Winchester Bible: the largest English Bible of the 12th century, written by one hand

    Winchester Bible, opening of the Book of Hosea, c. 1160–75. Winchester Cathedral Library; image via Web Gallery of Art and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  174. The Lambeth Bible: a giant Bible parted for centuries and matched again

    The Tree of Jesse, Lambeth Bible, 12th century. Lambeth Palace Library, MS 3. Via Web Gallery of Art and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  175. The Eadwine Psalter: the Psalms in Latin, Old English and French on one page

    Eadwine the scribe at work, Eadwine Psalter, Christ Church, Canterbury, 12th century. Trinity College, Cambridge, MS R.17.1. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  176. Valdes of Lyon has the Scriptures put into the common tongue

    Valdes (Peter Waldo) with an open book: bronze from Ernst Rietschel’s Luther Monument at Worms, unveiled 1868, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  177. Peter Comestor’s Historia Scholastica: the “popular Bible” of the medieval schools, and its limits

    A page of Peter Comestor’s Historia Scholastica, France, late 12th century. Boston Public Library, via DPLA and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  178. The Ormulum: the Gospel readings explained in English verse

    A page of the Ormulum (lines 3607–3623), Orrm’s own manuscript, showing his revisions. Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS Junius 1, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  179. The Miroslav Gospel: the Gospel readings in the Serbian form of Church Slavonic

    Miroslav Gospel, first page, c. 1180. National Museum of Serbia, Belgrade, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  180. The Gospels of Henry the Lion: a Romanesque masterpiece of the four Gospels

    Gospels of Henry the Lion: St Mark, at the opening of his Gospel (“Secundum Marcum”). Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel, via Web Gallery of Art and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  181. The Vukan Gospel: the Gospel readings of the year, written at Ras

    The Vukan Gospel: a text page in two columns of Serbian Cyrillic, with an interlaced initial. National Library of Russia, St Petersburg, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  182. Stephen Langton divides the Bible into the chapters still used today

    The seal of Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury (1207–1228), from W. de Gray Birch, Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum (1887), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  183. The Bible moralisée: God with the compass, and Scripture paired with pictures

    Bible moralisée, Vienna, ÖNB Cod. 2554, fol. 1v: God as architect of creation, with compasses (c. 1220–1230). Austrian National Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  184. Hugh of Saint-Cher and the first concordance of the Bible

    Tommaso da Modena, portrait of Hugh of Saint-Cher (painted 1352), chapter house of the former convent of San Nicolò, Treviso, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  185. The Paris Bible: the whole Bible in one volume, in the order we still read it

    Leaf from a Paris Bible with St Paul writing, late 13th century. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MS W.51, fol. 477v, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  186. The T’oros Roslin Gospels: the Armenian Gospels at their most splendid

    T’oros Roslin Gospels, fol. 163r: the Transfiguration. Walters Art Museum, Baltimore (W.539), via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  187. Jacob van Maerlant’s Rijmbijbel: Bible history in Dutch verse

    Maerlant, Rijmbijbel, Utrecht 1332 (Museum Meermanno, The Hague, MMW 10 B 21, fol. 9v): the building of the tower of Babel. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  188. The Bible historiale: the Bible most French lay readers knew — and its limits

    The Creation, with the opening of Genesis 1, Bible historiale, c. 1411, vol. 1, f. 3. British Library, Royal MS 19 D III, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  189. The Mokvi Gospels: the four Gospels in Georgian, with 157 pictures on gold

    The Mokvi Gospels (1300): the Transfiguration, fol. 59v. National Centre of Manuscripts, Tbilisi, Q-902, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  190. The Queen Mary Psalter: the Psalms, with the whole Bible story told in pictures

    Queen Mary Psalter, fol. 67v: the Tree of Jesse. British Library, Royal MS 2 B VII, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  191. Nicholas of Lyra and the plain, literal sense of Scripture

    Elevation of Solomon’s Temple, a leaf from a manuscript of Nicholas of Lyra’s Postilla litteralis, France, c. 1360–80. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Cloisters), via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  192. The Velislav Bible: the Scriptures told in 747 pictures

    Velislav Bible (detail): the canon Velislav kneeling in prayer; artist unknown. National Library of the Czech Republic, Prague (Kramerius), via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  193. The Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander: the four Gospels in 366 pictures

    The Gospels of Tsar Ivan Alexander, f. 88r: the opening of St Mark’s Gospel. British Library, Add MS 39627, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  194. The Wycliffite Bible: the whole Bible in English, copied by hand

    Opening of the Gospel of John in a pocket-sized late-14th-century copy of the Wycliffite translation (“In þe bigynnyng was þe word”), Glasgow University Library, MS Hunter 191, fol. 2v, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  195. The Wenceslas Bible: a German Bible for a king, made in the teeth of a ban

    The opening of Genesis in German, Wenceslas Bible, Prague, 1390s. Austrian National Library, Vienna, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  196. Jan Hus preaches in the common tongue at the Bethlehem Chapel, Prague

    The Bethlehem Chapel, Prague, drawing by Nelly Erichsen for Count Lützow, The Story of Prague (1902), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  197. The Constitutions of Arundel restrict new English translations of Scripture

    Thomas Arundel (1353–1414), Archbishop of Canterbury, 19th-century copy of a 15th-century portrait, British (English) School. Lambeth Palace, via Art UK and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  198. Constance condemns Wycliffe; his remains are burned and cast into the Swift

    St Mary’s parish church, Lutterworth, Leicestershire, where Wycliffe held the living from 1374, seen from the west. Photograph by Chris Stafford, geograph.org.uk, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 2.0 · licence record

  199. Queen Sophia’s Bible: the first complete Bible in Polish

    Bible of Queen Sophia, a surviving leaf: Isaiah 48:6–49:1 in Old Polish. University of Wrocław Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  200. The Gutenberg Bible: the first great book printed from movable metal type

    The Library of Congress copy of the Gutenberg Bible. Photo: Moses et al., via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 3.0 · licence record

  201. Johannes Mentelin prints the first Bible in German

    The beginning of Genesis in the Mentelin Bible, Strasbourg, 1466. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek copy (digitale-sammlungen.de), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  202. Nicolò Malermi’s Bible, the first printed Bible in Italian

    The Malermi Bible, Venice: Lucantonio Giunta, 15 October 1490, vol. II: John 20–21. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  203. Soncino: the first complete Hebrew Bible is printed

    The Soncino Hebrew Bible of 1488, the first complete printed edition. Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence (D’Elci 862). Photograph by Sailko, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY 3.0 · licence record

  204. Gennady’s Bible: the first complete Bible in Church Slavonic

    Gennady’s Bible (Biblia Gennadiana), 1499, beginning of the Book of Genesis. State Historical Museum, Moscow, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  205. The Complutensian Polyglot: the first printed Greek New Testament

    Complutensian Polyglot Bible, vol. 5 (the New Testament in Greek and Latin), title page, Alcalá, 1514, with the arms of Cardinal Cisneros. Library of Congress / World Digital Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  206. Erasmus publishes the New Testament in Greek

    Title page of Erasmus’s 1516 Greek New Testament. Photo: Concord, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 3.0 · licence record

  207. Martin Luther’s “September Testament”: the New Testament in German from the Greek

    Title page, “Das Newe Testament Deutzsch”, Wittenberg, September 1522. Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart copy, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  208. Daniel Bomberg prints Jacob ben Hayyim’s Rabbinic Bible at Venice

    A page of the Second Rabbinic Bible, vol. 1, ed. Jacob ben Hayyim ibn Adonijah (Venice: Bomberg, 1524), from the archive.org scan, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  209. Tyndale’s New Testament is printed at Worms

    William Tyndale, portrait from Foxe’s Book of Martyrs. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  210. The complete Luther Bible is printed at Wittenberg

    A copy of the 1534 Luther Bible, “Biblia, das ist die gantze Heilige Schrifft Deudsch”, in the Lutherhaus, Wittenberg. Photograph by Torsten Schleese, released into the public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  211. The Waldenses’ French Bible: Olivétan’s translation from the Hebrew and Greek

    Title page, “La Bible Qui est toute la Saincte escripture”, Neuchâtel, 1535. Bibliothèque nationale de France (Gallica), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  212. The Coverdale Bible: the first complete printed Bible in English

    Title page of the Coverdale Bible, 1535; woodcut by Hans Holbein the Younger. British Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  213. The Matthew Bible: Tyndale’s work completed and carried home

    Title page of the Matthew Bible, 1537 (from the Internet Archive scan). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  214. The Great Bible: the first English Bible authorized for the churches

    Coloured title page of the Great Bible, 1539, probably Henry VIII’s own copy. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  215. Taverner’s Bible: “a spokesman with the father”

    Taverner’s Bible (1539), fol. LXXXVIII, the opening of 1 John. Internet Archive item 1539TavernerBible (Public Domain Mark 1.0), via Wikimedia Commons; cropped to the leaf

    Public domain · licence record

  216. Robert Estienne (Stephanus) numbers the verses of the New Testament

    Robertus Stephanus (Robert Estienne), engraved portrait from a series of famous reformers, c. 1599. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (RP-P-OB-55.218), via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  217. The Geneva Bible: the first English Bible with numbered verses

    Title page of the 1560 Geneva Bible, showing the Israelites before the Red Sea. Library of Congress, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  218. Theodore Beza’s Greek New Testament, the edition the King James translators favoured

    Theodorus Beza, engraved portrait, 16th century, artist unknown. Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon (fonds des portraits), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  219. William Salesbury’s Welsh New Testament

    William Salesbury on the Translators’ Memorial (Gofeb y Cyfieithwyr), St Asaph. Photo: Llywelyn2000, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  220. The Bishops’ Bible: the revision behind the King James Version

    Frontispiece of the Bishops’ Bible, 1568: Queen Elizabeth I between the figures of Faith and Charity. Engraving attributed to Franz Hogenberg. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  221. Casiodoro de Reina’s “Bear Bible”, the first complete Bible printed in Spanish

    The opening of Genesis in Casiodoro de Reina’s Biblia del Oso (Basel, 1569), from the archive.org scan of the 1569 edition, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  222. Tremellius and Junius: a Latin Old Testament made fresh from the Hebrew

    Immanuel Tremellius, engraved portrait (probably 16th century). Austrian National Library portrait collection (portraitindex.de), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  223. The Bible of Kralice: the Czech Brethren translate from the Hebrew and Greek

    The opening of Luke 1:5 (“In the days of Herod, the king of Judaea…”) in the Bible of Kralice, vol. 6 (1593), from the Münchener DigitalisierungsZentrum copy, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  224. William Morgan’s Welsh Bible: the whole Bible in Welsh from the Hebrew and Greek

    Title page of the first Welsh Bible, translated by William Morgan, 1588. National Library of Wales, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  225. The Vizsoly Bible: Gáspár Károli gives Hungary its first printed Bible

    Title page of the second part (“Az Szent Biblianac masodic resze”) of the Vizsoly Bible, 1590. Scan by the University of Szeged, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  226. Giovanni Diodati’s Italian Bible, translated from the Hebrew and Greek

    Title page, “La Bibbia. Cioè, i libri del Vecchio, e del Nuovo Testamento… da Giovanni Diodati”, [Geneva]: Jean de Tournes, 1607, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  227. The King James Bible is first printed

    Title page of the first edition of the King James Bible, 1611. Via University of Pennsylvania Libraries and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  228. The first Baptist church on English soil, and a plea for liberty of conscience

    Thomas Helwys’s handwritten inscription to King James I in A Short Declaration of the Mistery of Iniquity (1612), signed “Tho: Helwys”. Bodleian Library, Oxford, via Early English Books Online and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  229. The Elzevir Greek New Testament of 1633: the “Received Text” is named

    Novum Testamentum graece (Leiden: Elzevir, 1633), preface, p. 3, with the words “textum … ab omnibus receptum”. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  230. The Statenvertaling: the Dutch Bible translated from the Hebrew and Greek

    Title page of the Statenvertaling (States Bible), printed by Paulus Aertsz. van Ravensteyn by order of the States General, 1637. Nederlands Bijbelgenootschap, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  231. Henry Jessey: pastor of the Southwark church of 1616, a “living concordance”, immersed in 1645

    Henry Jessey, engraving by P. Rothwell, 18th century. National Library of Wales, Welsh Portrait Collection. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  232. John Clarke: the Newport church, and a charter for liberty of conscience

    “Portrait of a Clergyman,” attributed to Guilliam de Ville, c. 1659. Redwood Library, Newport; believed, not proven, to depict John Clarke. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  233. Dorothy Hazzard and the Broadmead church, Bristol

    Title page, The Records of a Church of Christ, Meeting in Broadmead, Bristol, 1640–1687, ed. E. B. Underhill for the Hanserd Knollys Society (London, 1847). Cornell University Library scan via Internet Archive and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  234. Seven London churches publish the First London Confession

    Title page of the first edition: “The Confession of Faith, Of those Churches which are commonly (though falsly) called Anabaptists”, “London, Printed by Matthew Simmons in Aldersgate-streete. 1644.” Microfilm scan (Early English Books 1641–1700) via the Internet Archive and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  235. Roger Williams pleads for liberty of conscience: The Bloudy Tenent

    Title page of The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, 1644. Library of Congress, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  236. William Kiffin: merchant, pastor, and the first name on the 1644 Confession

    William Kiffin, portrait by an unknown artist, 1667 (Art UK record 223112). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  237. Hanserd Knollys: scholar, schoolmaster and Particular Baptist pastor

    Hanserd Knollys, engraved portrait, from C. K. Bolton, Portraits of the Founders (Internet Archive: foundersportrai02bolt), p. 124. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  238. John Myles: from Ilston to Swansea

    The First Baptist Church in Swansea, Massachusetts: the Greek Revival chapel of 1848, fifth home of the congregation Myles brought from Ilston. Photograph by Marc N. Belanger, 2009, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  239. John Bunyan: the Tinker of Elstow, Twelve Years in Bedford Gaol for Preaching

    Title page of the first edition of The Pilgrim’s Progress, “By John Bunyan”, “Printed for Nath. Ponder at the Peacock in the Poultrey near Cornhil, 1678”, with “I have used Similitudes, Hos. 12. 10.” and an owner’s signature dated 1784. Copy not identified; via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  240. The Eliot Bible: the first Bible printed in North America, in the Massachusett tongue

    Title page of Mamusse Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum God (Cambridge, Mass.: Samuel Green and Marmaduke Johnson, 1663), a copy bearing the John Carter Brown Library stamp. Via Internet Archive and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  241. Thomas Goold and the First Baptist Church of Boston: “by his word & Spirit”

    “First Entry in the Record Book of the First Baptist Church of Boston, 1665.” Facsimile plate facing p. 56 in N. E. Wood, The History of the First Baptist Church of Boston (Philadelphia, 1899); scan from the Allen County Public Library copy, Internet Archive

    Public domain · licence record

  242. Benjamin Keach: pilloried for a catechism, pastor at Horsleydown, and a church that sang hymns

    Benjamin Keach, woodcut portrait. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  243. Hercules Collins: a Wapping pastor’s Orthodox Catechism, and a “Voice from the Prison”

    Title page of Hercules Collins, An Orthodox Catechism (London, 1680). British Museum copy, digitised by the Internet Archive. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  244. João Ferreira de Almeida: the New Testament in Portuguese

    O Novo Testamento, translated by João Ferreira de Almeida, title page of the first edition, 1681. Via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  245. William Screven’s church comes south: the First Baptist Church of Charleston

    First Baptist Church, Church Street, Charleston: the Robert Mills sanctuary of c. 1820–22, which succeeded the 1701 meeting house. Photo: ProfReader, 2013, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 3.0 · licence record

  246. Joseph Stennett: Pinners’ Hall, and hymns “for the Celebration of his Holy Supper”

    Title page of Joseph Stennett, Hymns in Commemoration of the Sufferings of Our Blessed Saviour Jesus Christ (London, 1697), digitised by the Internet Archive (Early English Books). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  247. The Massachuset Psalter: the Psalms and John in two columns

    Title page of The Massachuset Psalter (Boston: B. Green and J. Printer, 1709), with John 5:39 beneath the title; John Carter Brown Library copy, digitised by the Internet Archive. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  248. John Gill: pastor in Southwark and expositor of the whole Bible

    John Gill, engraved portrait by George Vertue, 1745. Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  249. The Bristol Academy, the oldest Baptist college, opens

    Bristol Baptist College, Clifton, Bristol. Photograph by Simon Cobb, 2019, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  250. Robert Robinson of Cambridge and “Come, Thou Fount of Every Blessing”

    Robert Robinson (1735–1790), portrait cropped from Edwin McKean Long, Illustrated History of Hymns and their Authors (1875). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  251. Benjamin Francis of Horsley: a village pastor who would not leave his people

    The Revd. Benjamin Francis, A.M. (1734–1799), engraving by Thomas Trotter, 1794; Welsh Portrait Collection, National Library of Wales. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  252. Anne Steele: “Father of mercies, in thy word”

    Frontispiece and title page of Poems on Subjects Chiefly Devotional, by “Theodosia” (Anne Steele), new edition (Bristol: W. Pine, 1780), with 1 Peter 1:4 beneath the frontispiece; Princeton Theological Seminary copy, digitised by the Internet Archive. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  253. Dr Parris’s Cambridge text: the King James Bible made ready for Blayney

    Genesis 1 in The Holy Bible (Cambridge: John Baskerville, 1763), the royal folio that reprinted Parris’s text; supplied words in italic. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  254. Rhode Island College, the first Baptist college, is chartered

    University Hall, the College Edifice of 1770, front elevation. Photograph by Arthur W. LeBoeuf for the Historic American Buildings Survey, 1937, Library of Congress (HABS RI,4-PROV,81A-1), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  255. Abraham Booth and The Reign of Grace

    Abraham Booth (1734–1806). Engraving by an unknown engraver, 1827, from an edition of The Reign of Grace, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  256. Dan Taylor and the New Connexion of General Baptists

    Dan Taylor holding a Bible. Engraving by Joseph Collyer, 1816, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  257. Daniel Marshall gathers the Kiokee church in Georgia

    The Old Kiokee meetinghouse, built 1808, near Appling, Georgia. Photograph by AugustaGALiving (Flickr), 2008, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY 2.0 · licence record

  258. Samuel Medley comes to Liverpool

    Samuel Medley, engraved by Isaac Taylor after a portrait by his son Samuel Medley, frontispiece to Memoirs of the late Rev. Samuel Medley (1800). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  259. The Silver Bluff Baptist Church

    Silver Bluff Baptist Church, as pictured in Carter G. Woodson, The History of the Negro Church (Washington, D.C.: Associated Publishers, 1921), p. 23, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  260. Robert Aitken’s Bible: the first English Bible published in the United States

    Title page of The Holy Bible (Philadelphia: printed and sold by R. Aitken, 1782). Photograph by Kreuz und quer, 2023, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  261. John Fawcett of Wainsgate and “Blest be the tie that binds”

    “The Revd. Dr. Fawcett, Halifax”, stipple engraving by John Kennerley after Hunter, published by Button & Son, Paternoster Row, September 1816. National Library of Wales, Welsh Portrait Collection. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  262. David George: from Silver Bluff to Shelburne and Freetown

    A Black woodcutter at Shelburne, Nova Scotia, 1788, as inscribed on the drawing by Captain William Booth. Nova Scotia Archives, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  263. Andrew Gifford of Eagle Street and the Bristol Tyndale

    Dr Andrew Gifford (1700–1784), oil portrait by John Russell, 1774. British Museum, via Art UK and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  264. Andrew Fuller publishes The Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation

    Andrew Fuller, stained-glass portrait at Fuller Baptist Church, Kettering. Photo: Bandrewsong, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  265. Andrew Bryan and the Savannah church are recognised

    First Bryan Baptist Church, Savannah, on the land Andrew Bryan bought for the church; the present building was completed in 1874. Photograph by Jud McCranie, 2020, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  266. Samuel Pearce at Cannon Street, Birmingham

    “Revd. Samuel Pearce, A.M., late of Birmingham.” Engraving by Smith after Hedley, 1828, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  267. Christmas Evans rides to Anglesey

    Christmas Evans. Portrait by Hugh Hughes, c. 1820, Welsh Portrait Collection, National Library of Wales, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  268. Carey’s Enquiry and the Nottingham sermon

    Title page of the first edition, “Leicester: Printed and sold by Ann Ireland … MDCCXCII.” Scan from Project Gutenberg eBook #11449

    Public domain · licence record

  269. The Baptist Missionary Society is founded at Kettering

    William Carey (1761–1834). Unknown artist; reproduced in J. B. Myers, William Carey (London, 1887). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  270. Mary Jones walks to Bala for a Welsh Bible of her own

    Mary Jones in old age with her Bible, engraving from The Sunday at Home, no. 1284 (London, 1878). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  271. Serampore: William Carey’s Bengali New Testament

    Title page of Carey’s Bengali New Testament, Serampore Mission Press. King’s College London Special Collections copy, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  272. The British and Foreign Bible Society is formed, with a Baptist minister as one of its first secretaries

    Rev. Joseph Hughes, A.M., late Secretary to the British and Foreign Bible Society, drawn and engraved by J. Andrews (London: Ward & Co., 1835). National Library of Wales, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  273. Adoniram and Ann Judson: to Burma, and the Bible in Burmese

    Adoniram Judson, oil on canvas by George P. A. Healy, 1846. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  274. Lott Cary sails for Africa

    Lott Cary (c. 1780–1828), from Carter G. Woodson, The History of the Negro Church (1921), p. 122, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  275. The American Bible Society: “without note or comment”

    Elias Boudinot, first president of the American Bible Society; oil portrait by Charles Willson Peale, c. 1784 (Museum of the American Revolution). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  276. Ann Hasseltine Judson: the first Scripture in Siamese

    Ann Hasseltine Judson. Engraving by Richard Woodman, c. 1826, Welsh Portrait Collection, National Library of Wales, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  277. Columbian College is chartered at Washington

    The Columbian College building on College Hill, engraved as “The Columbian University,” late 19th century. GWU Special Collections Research Center, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  278. Richard Furman and the South Carolina Baptist State Convention

    Richard Furman (1755–1825), portrait by an unknown artist, before 1825. Furman University Special Collections, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  279. Francis Wayland: “The Moral Dignity of the Missionary Enterprise”

    Francis Wayland, frontispiece of A Memoir of the Life and Labors of Francis Wayland, by his sons Francis and H. L. Wayland (New York: Sheldon and Company, 1867). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  280. Furman Academy and Theological Institution, and the move to Greenville

    Furman University, old campus, Greenville, S.C. Postcard published by Paul C. Koeber, 1908, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  281. The American Baptist Home Mission Society

    John Mason Peck (1789–1858), signed “Yours fraternally, J. M. Peck.” Portrait uploaded to Wikimedia Commons by Richard3150

    CC BY-SA 3.0 · licence record

  282. Mercer Institute opens at Penfield, Georgia

    Jesse Mercer (1769–1841), engraving from Charles D. Mallary, Memoirs of Elder Jesse Mercer (New York: J. Gray, 1844). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  283. J. G. Oncken is baptized in the Elbe: Baptist witness comes to continental Europe

    Bildnis von Johann Gerhard Oncken (Falck). Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  284. William Knibb of Falmouth, Jamaica, and the birth of freedom

    William Knibb, lithograph by Smith Bell, 1845, signed “Yours very truly William Knibb”. National Library of Wales, Welsh Portrait Collection. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  285. The American Bible Union: Baptists divided over revising the English Bible

    Title page of The Commonly Received Version of the New Testament … with Several Hundred Emendations, ed. S. H. Cone and W. H. Wyckoff (New York: E. H. Tripp, 1851 printing; preface dated April 1850). Princeton Theological Seminary copy, digitised by the Internet Archive. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  286. The Cotton Grove Resolutions and the rise of Landmarkism

    James Robinson Graves (1820–1893). From Ben M. Bogard, Pillars of Orthodoxy (Louisville: Baptist Book Concern, 1900), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  287. Francis Mason and the Sgaw Karen Bible

    Rev. Francis Mason, D.D., engraved portrait, from G. W. Hervey, The Story of Baptist Missions in Foreign Lands (St Louis, 1884), p. 397. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  288. Charles Haddon Spurgeon is called to New Park Street, Southwark

    Charles Haddon Spurgeon by Alexander Melville, 1885. National Portrait Gallery, London (NPG 2641), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  289. Spurgeon opens the Pastors’ College

    The Pastors’ College building beside the Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington. Engraving from the college’s annual report for 1888–89 (The Sword and the Trowel), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  290. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary opens at Greenville, South Carolina

    James Petigru Boyce (1827–1888), contemporary photograph. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  291. The Metropolitan Tabernacle is opened

    The portico of the Metropolitan Tabernacle, the part of the 1861 building that survived the fires of 1898 and 1941. Photograph by David Smith, 2015, geograph.org.uk, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 2.0 · licence record

  292. The Augusta Institute opens at Springfield Baptist Church

    William Jefferson White, founder of the Augusta Institute, in 1892. From A. W. Pegues, Our Baptist Ministers and Schools (Springfield, Mass., 1892), p. 527, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  293. Spurgeon’s Treasury of David

    C. H. Spurgeon in the 1870s, the decade of his work on the Psalms. Photograph, unknown maker, Welsh Portrait Collection, National Library of Wales, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  294. Lottie Moon is appointed missionary to China

    Portrait of Lottie Moon, c. 1891. Scottsville Museum, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  295. F. H. A. Scrivener: the Cambridge Paragraph Bible and the Greek text behind the KJV

    F. H. A. Scrivener (1813–1891), frontispiece portrait from A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, vol. I (1894). Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  296. The Down-Grade Controversy

    Charles Haddon Spurgeon (1834–1892), photograph c. 1880. Welsh Portrait Collection, National Library of Wales, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  297. The Woman’s Missionary Union is organised

    Annie Walker Armstrong, first corresponding secretary of the Woman’s Missionary Union, c. 1875. Woman’s Missionary Union, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  298. The National Baptist Convention is formed at Atlanta

    Elias Camp Morris, first president of the National Baptist Convention. From G. P. Hamilton, Beacon Lights of the Race, vol. 2 (Memphis, 1911), p. 238, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  299. The Baptist World Alliance is formed in London

    Exeter Hall, Strand, London, where the first Baptist World Congress met: postcard engraving, 1905. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  300. The Baptist Faith and Message is adopted at Memphis

    Edgar Young Mullins (1860–1928), chairman of the 1925 committee. Portrait from Press Reference Book of Prominent Kentuckians (1916), p. 41, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  301. The General Association of Regular Baptist Churches is formed

    Belden Avenue Baptist Church, Chicago, where the Association was organised. Curt Teich postcard, 1946, Newberry Library (CARLI Digital Collections, NBY 417773), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  302. The Baptist Bible Fellowship and Baptist Bible College are founded

    The campus of Baptist Bible College (now Mission University), Springfield, Missouri. Photograph by Fishepat000, 2012, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 4.0 · licence record

  303. Papyrus 46: the armour passage on papyrus (The Gallery)

    Papyrus 46, folio 157 verso (Ephesians 6:8–18). University of Michigan Papyrology Collection, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  304. Thomas Helwys’s inscription to King James: a plea for liberty of conscience (The Gallery)

    Thomas Helwys’s handwritten inscription to King James I in A Short Declaration of the Mistery of Iniquity (1612), signed “Tho: Helwys”. Bodleian Library, Oxford, via Early English Books Online and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  305. The Bloudy Tenent: a plea that the conscience be left to God (The Gallery)

    Title page, Roger Williams, The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, for Cause of Conscience (London, 1644). Library of Congress, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  306. The Broadmead Records: a church’s own account of how it began (The Gallery)

    Title page, The Records of a Church of Christ, Meeting in Broadmead, Bristol, 1640–1687, ed. E. B. Underhill for the Hanserd Knollys Society (London: printed for the Society by J. Haddon, 1847). Cornell University Library scan via the Internet Archive and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  307. The St John fragment (Rylands Papyrus 52) (The Gallery)

    Rylands Papyrus P52, recto (John 18:31–33). John Rylands Library, University of Manchester, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  308. The First London Confession: the title page of 1644 (The Gallery)

    Title page of the first edition, “London, Printed by Matthew Simmons in Aldersgate-streete. 1644.” Microfilm scan (Early English Books 1641–1700) via the Internet Archive and Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  309. The Ketef Hinnom silver amulets: the Priestly Blessing (The Gallery)

    The two Ketef Hinnom silver amulets, unrolled, as displayed in the Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Photo: Bachrach44, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 3.0 · licence record

  310. The Nash Papyrus: the Ten Commandments and the Shema (The Gallery)

    The Nash Papyrus, as photographed for the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 25 (1903), p. 56. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  311. The Great Isaiah Scroll (The Gallery)

    The Great Isaiah Scroll, the column containing Isaiah 53. Photograph by Ardon Bar-Hama for the Israel Museum, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  312. The Pilgrim’s Progress: the title page of the first edition (The Gallery)

    Title page of the first edition of The Pilgrim’s Progress, “Printed for Nath. Ponder at the Peacock in the Poultrey near Cornhil, 1678”, with an owner’s signature dated 1784. Copy not identified; via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  313. Codex Alexandrinus: the close of Luke (The Gallery)

    Codex Alexandrinus, folio 41 verso (end of Luke). British Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  314. William Carey’s Bengali New Testament: the title page (The Gallery)

    Title page of Carey’s Bengali New Testament, Serampore Mission Press. King’s College London Special Collections copy, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  315. Codex Washingtonianus: “Amen” at the close of Mark (The Gallery)

    Codex Washingtonianus (W, 032), last page: the close of Mark 16 with title and subscription. Freer Gallery of Art, Washington; image via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  316. A Wycliffite New Testament: the opening of John (The Gallery)

    A Wycliffite New Testament, folio 2v, the opening of John. University of Glasgow Library, MS Hunter 191 (T.8.21), via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  317. The Aleppo Codex, the “Crown of Aleppo” (The Gallery)

    The Aleppo Codex, a page of Deuteronomy. Photograph by Ardon Bar-Hama, Yad Yitzhak Ben-Zvi Institute, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  318. The Leningrad Codex: Genesis 15 (The Gallery)

    The Leningrad Codex, folio 8 recto (Genesis 14:12–15:13). Scan by USC Dornsife, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  319. The Complutensian Polyglot: the first printed Greek New Testament (The Gallery)

    Complutensian Polyglot Bible, vol. 5, the opening of Matthew. Biblioteca Digital de Castilla-La Mancha, via Europeana and Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 3.0 · licence record

  320. Minuscule 2: the Gospels Erasmus sent to the press (The Gallery)

    Minuscule 2 (Basel, A. N. IV. 1), the first page of Matthew, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  321. Erasmus’s Novum Instrumentum: the first published Greek New Testament (The Gallery)

    Novum Instrumentum omne (Basel: Froben, 1516), sig. A1r, the opening of Matthew. Universitätsbibliothek Basel, BibG B 3; image via Early Printed Books (Sarah Werner)

    Public domain · licence record

  322. Tyndale’s New Testament: the Gospel of John (The Gallery)

    Tyndale’s New Testament (Peter Schöffer, 1526), the first page of John. British Library, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  323. Tyndale’s Pentateuch: “In the begynnynge” (The Gallery)

    Tyndale’s Pentateuch (1530), folio i, Genesis 1. Cambridge University Library copy (Internet Archive item ThePentateuch), via Wikimedia Commons; cropped to the leaf

    Public domain · licence record

  324. The Coverdale Bible of 1535: the whole armour of God (The Gallery)

    The Coverdale Bible (1535), Ephesians 5–6 and the opening of Philippians. Internet Archive item CoverdaleBible1535_838, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  325. The Matthew Bible of 1537: loins girt with truth (The Gallery)

    The Matthew Bible (1537), Ephesians 6 and the opening of Philippians. Internet Archive item MatthewBible1537, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  326. Taverner’s Bible of 1539: “a spokesman with the father” (The Gallery)

    Taverner’s Bible (1539), fol. LXXXVIII, the opening of 1 John. Internet Archive item 1539TavernerBible (Public Domain Mark 1.0), via Wikimedia Commons; cropped to the leaf

    Public domain · licence record

  327. The Great Bible: the opening of Romans (The Gallery)

    The Great Bible, displayed at the British Library as Henry VIII’s copy (London, 1540). Photograph by Daderot, 2024, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  328. Stephanus’s Editio Regia: the Gospel of John (The Gallery)

    Robert Estienne’s Greek New Testament (Paris, 1550), the opening of John. Digitised by Bridwell Library, SMU, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  329. The Geneva Bible of 1560: Genesis and the garden of Eden (The Gallery)

    The Geneva Bible (1560), Genesis 2–3 with the woodcut map of Eden. Houghton Library, Harvard University, STC 2093, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  330. Beza’s Greek and Latin New Testament: “the whole armour of God” in 1565 (The Gallery)

    Beza, Novum Testamentum Græce & Latine (Geneva: H. Estienne, 1565), fol. 305v, Ephesians 6. Biblioteka Uniwersytecka KUL, Lublin (P.XVI.502), via Internet Archive and Wikimedia Commons; cropped to the leaf

    Public domain · licence record

  331. The Bishops’ Bible: the title page of 1569 (The Gallery)

    The Bishops’ Bible (Richard Jugge, London, 1569), the title page, printed on vellum and coloured. British Library G.12188, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC0 · licence record

  332. The translators’ own sheets: the 1602 Bishops’ Bible, marked for the King James (The Gallery)

    Bodleian Library Arch. A b.18, fol. N2r (Deuteronomy 25–26). Photo: © Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, via Digital Bodleian; cropped to the leaf

    CC BY-NC 4.0 · licence record

  333. The translators’ own sheets, II: the Beatitudes under the pen (The Gallery)

    Bodleian Library Arch. A b.18, fol. Xxx1r (Matthew 4–5). Photo: © Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, via Digital Bodleian; cropped to the leaf

    CC BY-NC 4.0 · licence record

  334. The translators’ own sheets, III: the Lord’s Prayer (The Gallery)

    Bodleian Library Arch. A b.18, fol. Xxx1v (Matthew 5–6). Photo: © Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, via Digital Bodleian; cropped to the leaf

    CC BY-NC 4.0 · licence record

  335. The King James Bible of 1611: Genesis 1 (The Gallery)

    The first page of Genesis from the original 1611 printing of the King James Bible. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  336. The King James Bible of 1611: “The armour of Christians” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), Ephesians 6:7–24. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  337. The King James Bible of 1611: “he is a buckler to all those that trust in him” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), Psalm 18:16–19:2. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  338. The King James Bible of 1611: “righteousnesse as a brestplate” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), Isaiah 59:2–60:4. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  339. The King James Bible of 1611: “the girdle of his loines” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), Isaiah 10:20–11:11. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  340. The King James Bible of 1611: “How beautifull vpon the mountaines” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), Isaiah 51:19–53:4. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  341. The King James Bible of 1611: “It is written, Man shall not liue by bread alone” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), Matthew 2:21–4:6. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  342. The King James Bible of 1611: “Sanctifie them through thy trueth: thy word is trueth” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), John 17:7–18:8. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  343. The King James Bible of 1611: “How beautifull are the feete of them that preach the Gospel of peace” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), Romans 9:31–11:2. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  344. The King James Bible of 1611: “let vs put on the armour of light” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), Romans 13:6–14:21. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  345. The King James Bible of 1611: “the armour of righteousnesse, on the right hand, and on the left” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), 2 Corinthians 6:1–7:9. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  346. The King James Bible of 1611: “the weapons of our warfare are not carnal” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), 2 Corinthians 10:2–11:9. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  347. The King James Bible of 1611: “Bee carefull for nothing: but in euery thing by prayer” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), Philippians 4:1–23. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  348. The King James Bible of 1611: “the brestplate of faith and loue” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), 1 Thessalonians 4:17–5:28. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  349. The King James Bible of 1611: “warre a good warfare” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), 1 Timothy 1. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  350. The King James Bible of 1611: “Fight the good fight of faith” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), 1 Timothy 5:16–6:19. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  351. The King James Bible of 1611: “a good souldier of Iesus Christ” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), 2 Timothy 1:16–2:26. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  352. The King James Bible of 1611: “I haue fought a good fight” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), 2 Timothy 3:1–4:13. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  353. The King James Bible of 1611: “sharper then any two edged sword” (The Gallery)

    The Holy Bible (London: Robert Barker, 1611), first issue (“He” Bible), Hebrews 3:13–5:5. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Kislak Center, Folio BS185 1611 .L65 (Ross Bible Collection); cropped to the leaf

    No Copyright – United States (NoC-US) · licence record

  354. The Elzevir preface: “the text now received by all” (The Gallery)

    Novum Testamentum graece (Leiden: Elzevir, 1633), preface, p. 3, with the words “textum … ab omnibus receptum”. Via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  355. A soldier’s silver belt from the Tekija hoard (The Gallery)

    Silver belt fittings (cingulum militare) from the Tekija hoard, National Museum of Serbia, Belgrade. Photo: Gmihail (Serbian Wikipedia), via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 3.0 RS · licence record

  356. Plate armour from the Corbridge Hoard (The Gallery)

    Original and reconstructed lorica segmentata from the Corbridge Hoard, Corbridge museum. Photo: Mike Bishop, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 3.0 · licence record

  357. A soldier’s caliga (The Gallery)

    Caliga, Roman soldier’s sandal, 1st century AD, Landesmuseum Mainz. Photo: Carole Raddato, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 2.0 · licence record

  358. The Dura-Europos scutum (The Gallery)

    Scutum (shield), mid-3rd century, from Dura-Europos. Yale University Art Gallery, via Wikimedia Commons

    Public domain · licence record

  359. A legionary helmet of the Weisenau type (The Gallery)

    Roman infantry helmet, type Mainz-Weisenau, 1st century, Neues Museum Berlin. Photo: Anagoria, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY 3.0 · licence record

  360. The Sword of Tiberius (The Gallery)

    The Sword of Tiberius, British Museum. Photo: Jamie Heath, via Wikimedia Commons

    CC BY-SA 2.0 · licence record

III · For every hall

Scripture, King James Version

All Scripture in the museum is quoted verbatim from the Authorized Version of 1611. Each passage links to a public KJV text, so the quotation can be checked word for word.

  1. Ephesians 6 (the whole chapter) Every page, colophon
  2. 2 Corinthians 10:4 The Armoury
  3. 1 Peter 1:25 The Timeline
  4. Psalm 119:89 The Timeline
  5. 2 Timothy 3:16 The Catalogue
  6. Ephesians 2:8–9 What We Believe
  7. 2 Timothy 2:3 What We Believe
  8. 1 Thessalonians 5:21 The Reading Room
  9. 1 John 1:1 The Gallery
  10. Psalm 12:6–7 The Gallery · Room I
  11. Psalm 119:89 The Gallery · Room II
  12. Ephesians 6:20 The Gallery · Room III
  13. Acts 4:20 The Gallery · Room IV
  14. Isaiah 11:5 The Armoury · The Girdle of Truth
  15. John 17:17 The Armoury · The Girdle of Truth
  16. Isaiah 59:17 The Armoury · The Breastplate of Righteousness
  17. 1 Thessalonians 5:8 The Armoury · The Breastplate of Righteousness
  18. Isaiah 52:7 The Armoury · The Gospel Shoes
  19. Romans 10:15 The Armoury · The Gospel Shoes
  20. Psalm 18:30 The Armoury · The Shield of Faith
  21. 1 John 5:4 The Armoury · The Shield of Faith
  22. Isaiah 59:17 The Armoury · The Helmet of Salvation
  23. 1 Thessalonians 5:8 The Armoury · The Helmet of Salvation
  24. Hebrews 4:12 The Armoury · The Sword of the Spirit
  25. Matthew 4:4 The Armoury · The Sword of the Spirit
  26. 1 Thessalonians 5:17 The Armoury · All Prayer
  27. Philippians 4:6 The Armoury · All Prayer
  28. Ephesians 6:11 The Gallery · Papyrus 46: the armour passage on papyrus
  29. 2 Corinthians 10:4 The Gallery · The Bloudy Tenent: a plea that the conscience be left to God
  30. 2 Corinthians 6:17 The Gallery · The Broadmead Records: a church’s own account of how it began
  31. John 18:38 The Gallery · The St John fragment (Rylands Papyrus 52)
  32. Acts 4:20 The Gallery · The First London Confession: the title page of 1644
  33. Numbers 6:24–26 The Gallery · The Ketef Hinnom silver amulets: the Priestly Blessing
  34. Deuteronomy 6:4 The Gallery · The Nash Papyrus: the Ten Commandments and the Shema
  35. Isaiah 40:8 The Gallery · The Great Isaiah Scroll
  36. Hosea 12:10 The Gallery · The Pilgrim’s Progress: the title page of the first edition
  37. Luke 21:33 The Gallery · Codex Alexandrinus: the close of Luke
  38. Mark 16:19–20 The Gallery · Codex Washingtonianus: “Amen” at the close of Mark
  39. John 1:3 The Gallery · A Wycliffite New Testament: the opening of John
  40. Deuteronomy 4:2 The Gallery · The Aleppo Codex, the “Crown of Aleppo”
  41. Genesis 15:6 The Gallery · The Leningrad Codex: Genesis 15
  42. Matthew 1:1 The Gallery · The Complutensian Polyglot: the first printed Greek New Testament
  43. Matthew 1:2 The Gallery · Minuscule 2: the Gospels Erasmus sent to the press
  44. Matthew 1:1 The Gallery · Erasmus’s Novum Instrumentum: the first published Greek New Testament
  45. John 1:1 The Gallery · Tyndale’s New Testament: the Gospel of John
  46. Genesis 1:1, 3 The Gallery · Tyndale’s Pentateuch: “In the begynnynge”
  47. Ephesians 6:16 The Gallery · The Coverdale Bible of 1535: the whole armour of God
  48. Ephesians 6:14 The Gallery · The Matthew Bible of 1537: loins girt with truth
  49. 1 John 2:1–2 The Gallery · Taverner’s Bible of 1539: “a spokesman with the father”
  50. Romans 1:16 The Gallery · The Great Bible: the opening of Romans
  51. John 1:14 The Gallery · Stephanus’s Editio Regia: the Gospel of John
  52. Genesis 3:7 The Gallery · The Geneva Bible of 1560: Genesis and the garden of Eden
  53. Ephesians 6:14–17 The Gallery · Beza’s Greek and Latin New Testament: “the whole armour of God” in 1565
  54. Jeremiah 8:22 The Gallery · The Bishops’ Bible: the title page of 1569
  55. Deuteronomy 26:5–6 The Gallery · The translators’ own sheets: the 1602 Bishops’ Bible, marked for the King James
  56. Matthew 5:1–2, 6, 12 The Gallery · The translators’ own sheets, II: the Beatitudes under the pen
  57. Matthew 6:9–10 The Gallery · The translators’ own sheets, III: the Lord’s Prayer
  58. Genesis 1:1 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: Genesis 1
  59. Ephesians 6:11 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “The armour of Christians”
  60. Psalm 18:30 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “he is a buckler to all those that trust in him”
  61. Isaiah 59:17 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “righteousnesse as a brestplate”
  62. Isaiah 11:5 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “the girdle of his loines”
  63. Isaiah 52:7 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “How beautifull vpon the mountaines”
  64. Matthew 4:4 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “It is written, Man shall not liue by bread alone”
  65. John 17:17 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “Sanctifie them through thy trueth: thy word is trueth”
  66. Romans 10:15 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “How beautifull are the feete of them that preach the Gospel of peace”
  67. Romans 13:12 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “let vs put on the armour of light”
  68. 2 Corinthians 6:7 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “the armour of righteousnesse, on the right hand, and on the left”
  69. 2 Corinthians 10:4 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “the weapons of our warfare are not carnal”
  70. Philippians 4:6 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “Bee carefull for nothing: but in euery thing by prayer”
  71. 1 Thessalonians 5:8 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “the brestplate of faith and loue”
  72. 1 Timothy 1:18–19 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “warre a good warfare”
  73. 1 Timothy 6:11–12 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “Fight the good fight of faith”
  74. 2 Timothy 2:3–4 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “a good souldier of Iesus Christ”
  75. 2 Timothy 4:7–8 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “I haue fought a good fight”
  76. Hebrews 4:12 The Gallery · The King James Bible of 1611: “sharper then any two edged sword”
  77. 1 Peter 1:25 The Gallery · The Elzevir preface: “the text now received by all”

IV · For the Catalogue

The canon of sixty-six books

The order, names, divisions and chapter counts of the books in the Catalogue come from these references, cross-checked against a second source. The opening verse shown on each book is the King James text taken from one source and checked word by word against a second. The short note on each book is quoted from Easton’s dictionary (1897), and each book also carries a commentary note from a Baptist expositor, C. H. Spurgeon or John Bunyan, each work listed below. Both worked from the Received Text that stands behind the King James Bible. Many books also show a verse in which the New Testament names or quotes that book (for the Old Testament) or speaks of it (for the New, as when Peter counts Paul’s epistles with “the other scriptures”); those verses are the King James text, checked the same way as the opening verses.

  1. kingjamesbibleonline.org

    Canon order + chapter count per the KJV (1769 standard text); cross-checked 2026-09-28 against biblestudyjoy.com chapter list (sum 1,189).

    Cited for 66 books · open the Catalogue

  2. getbible.net

    getBible API, King James Version (public domain): the first verse (incipit) of each book, and the verse counts, taken verbatim

    Cited for 66 books · open the Catalogue

  3. bible-api.com

    bible-api.com, King James Version (public domain): each incipit cross-checked word by word; typographic differences resolved to the printed KJV form

    Cited for 66 books · open the Catalogue

  4. en.wikisource.org

    M. G. Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary, 3rd ed. (Thomas Nelson, 1897), public domain; the note on each book, quoted verbatim (cross-checked with the CCEL edition)

    Cited for 66 books · open the Catalogue

  5. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, List of New Testament papyri, with the Chester Beatty Papyri, Bodmer Papyri and Dead Sea Scrolls articles: the dates and contents of the early manuscript witness shown on each book, kept as the ranges those pages give

    Cited for 66 books · open the Catalogue

  6. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), A Lecture for Little-Faith (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 4), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  7. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), A Revival Sermon (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 6), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  8. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Adoption—the Spirit and the Cry (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 24), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  9. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Awake! Awake! (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 3), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  10. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Canaan on Earth (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 2), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  11. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Christ in You (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 29), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  12. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Christ’s Estimate of His People (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 5), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  13. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Conversion (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 1), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  14. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Daniel’s Undaunted Courage (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 14), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  15. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), David’s Dying Song (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 1), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  16. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Decision—Illustrated by the Case of Joshua (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 21), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  17. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Elijah’s Appeal to the Undecided (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 3), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  18. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Esther’s Exaltation; or, Who Knoweth? (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 30), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  19. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Five Fears (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 3), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  20. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), God in the Covenant (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 2), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  21. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Good Cause for Great Zeal (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 19), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  22. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Good Works (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 2), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  23. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), I Know That My Redeemer Liveth (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 9), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  24. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), John’s First Doxology (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 29), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  25. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Jude’s Doxology (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 52), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  26. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Light at Evening Time (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 3), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  27. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Lydia, the First European Convert (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 37), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  28. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Man’s Ruin and God’s Remedy (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 5), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  29. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Manasseh (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 2), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  30. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Manoah’s Wife and her Excellent Argument (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 23), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  31. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Mealtime in the Cornfields (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 9), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  32. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Memory—The Handmaid of Hope (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 11), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  33. ccel.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Morning and Evening, the reading for the morning of October 25, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  34. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Paul the Ready (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 38), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  35. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Possessing Possessions (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 36), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  36. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Salvation of the Lord (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 3), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  37. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Sovereignty and Salvation (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 2), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  38. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Spiritual Liberty (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 1), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  39. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Spiritual Revival, the Want of the Church (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 44), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  40. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Abiding of the Spirit the Glory of the Church (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 32), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  41. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Bible (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 1), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  42. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Blood (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 5), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  43. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Church of Christ (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 1), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  44. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Day of Atonement (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 2), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  45. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Form and Spirit of Religion (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 4), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  46. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Glorious Gospel (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 4), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  47. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Good Man’s Life and Death (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 3), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  48. archive.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Gospel of the Kingdom, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  49. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Immutability of God (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 1), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  50. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Incarnation and Birth of Christ (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 2), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  51. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Joy of the Lord, the Strength of His People (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 17), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  52. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Parent’s and Pastor’s Joy (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 19), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  53. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Prayer of Jabez (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 17), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  54. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Saviour Resting in His Love (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 47), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  55. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Sin of Unbelief (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 1), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  56. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Story of a Runaway Slave (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 21), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  57. blueletterbible.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The Treasury of David, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  58. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), The True Tabernacle, and Its Glory of Grace and Peace (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 31), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  59. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Three Precious Things (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 16), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  60. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), Truth Stranger than Fiction (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 35), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  61. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon (Particular Baptist), What are the Clouds? (New Park Street Pulpit, vol. 1), public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  62. biblehub.com

    John Bunyan (Nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting, commonly counted among the Baptists), A Discourse upon the Pharisee and the Publican, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  63. biblehub.com

    John Bunyan (Nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting, commonly counted among the Baptists), An Exposition on the First Ten Chapters of Genesis, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  64. biblehub.com

    John Bunyan (Nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting, commonly counted among the Baptists), Christ a Complete Saviour, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  65. biblehub.com

    John Bunyan (Nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting, commonly counted among the Baptists), Paul’s Departure and Crown, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  66. biblehub.com

    John Bunyan (Nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting, commonly counted among the Baptists), Saved by Grace, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  67. biblehub.com

    John Bunyan (Nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting, commonly counted among the Baptists), Seasonable Counsel: or, Advice to Sufferers, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  68. biblehub.com

    John Bunyan (Nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting, commonly counted among the Baptists), The Desire of the Righteous Granted, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  69. biblehub.com

    John Bunyan (Nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting, commonly counted among the Baptists), The Greatness of the Soul, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  70. biblehub.com

    John Bunyan (Nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting, commonly counted among the Baptists), The Heavenly Footman, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

  71. biblehub.com

    John Bunyan (Nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting, commonly counted among the Baptists), The Work of Jesus Christ as an Advocate, public domain; quoted verbatim as his, cross-checked with a second online edition

    Cited for 1 book · open the Catalogue

V · For “What We Believe” & the Armoury

Confession, doctrine & exposition

Our summary of Baptist convictions is in our own words, and these are the references it follows. The Armoury’s exposition is quoted verbatim from three writers: two pieces from John Gill (1697–1771), four from sermons of C. H. Spurgeon (1834–1892) and one from John Bunyan’s I Will Pray with the Spirit (1663). Every piece also carries a short word “at the reading” from Spurgeon’s exposition of Ephesians 6:10–24 (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55, 1909). Each passage is listed here with its source.

  1. britannica.com

    Winthrop S. Hudson, “Baptist: Teachings,” Encyclopaedia Britannica

    What We Believe: the six Baptist convictions

  2. reformedreader.org

    The Second London Baptist Confession (1677/1689), chapter 1, “Of the Holy Scriptures”

    What We Believe: the sufficiency of Scripture

  3. en.wikipedia.org

    Wikipedia, “King James Version”: the textual basis of the 1611 translation (Masoretic Text; Textus Receptus)

    The Gallery: Room I introduction

  4. biblestudytools.com

    John Gill, An Exposition of the New Testament (1746–48), on Ephesians 6:14. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Girdle of Truth

  5. biblestudytools.com

    John Gill, An Exposition of the New Testament (1746–48), on Ephesians 6:14. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Breastplate of Righteousness

  6. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, Shoes for Pilgrims and Warriors (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55) (published 1909), sermon No. 3143, on Ephesians 6:15, “your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace”. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Gospel Shoes

  7. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, The Shield of Faith (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 7) (1861), sermon No. 416, on Ephesians 6:16. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Shield of Faith

  8. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, The Christian’s Helmet (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55) (1866; published 1909), sermon No. 3167, on 1 Thessalonians 5:8, “the hope of salvation”. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Helmet of Salvation

  9. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, The Sword of the Spirit (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 37) (1891), sermon No. 2201, on Ephesians 6:17. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Sword of the Spirit

  10. biblehub.com

    John Bunyan, I Will Pray with the Spirit (A Discourse Touching Prayer) (written in prison 1662, published 1663), on 1 Corinthians 14:15, citing Ephesians 6:18. Public domain.

    The Armoury · All Prayer

  11. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, Exposition of Ephesians 6:10–24, Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55 (1909), p. 227, on verse 14, “having your loins girt about with truth”. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Girdle of Truth (at the reading)

  12. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, Exposition of Ephesians 6:10–24, Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55 (1909), p. 227, on verse 14, “having on the breastplate of righteousness”. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Breastplate of Righteousness (at the reading)

  13. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, Exposition of Ephesians 6:10–24, Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55 (1909), p. 227, on verse 15, “your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace”. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Gospel Shoes (at the reading)

  14. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, Exposition of Ephesians 6:10–24, Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55 (1909), p. 227, on verse 16, “Above all, taking the shield of faith”. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Shield of Faith (at the reading)

  15. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, Exposition of Ephesians 6:10–24, Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55 (1909), pp. 227–228, on verse 17, “take the helmet of salvation”. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Helmet of Salvation (at the reading)

  16. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, Exposition of Ephesians 6:10–24, Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55 (1909), p. 228, on verse 17, “the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God”. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Sword of the Spirit (at the reading)

  17. spurgeon.org

    C. H. Spurgeon, Exposition of Ephesians 6:10–24, Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, vol. 55 (1909), p. 228, on verse 18, “Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit”. Public domain.

    The Armoury · All Prayer (at the reading)

  18. ccel.org

    John Chrysostom, Homilies on Ephesians, Homily 23 (on Ephesians 6:14), NPNF1 vol. 13 (1889), pp. 163–164. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Girdle of Truth (history)

  19. ccel.org

    John Chrysostom, Homilies on Ephesians, Homily 24 (on Ephesians 6:14), NPNF1 vol. 13 (1889), p. 167. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Breastplate of Righteousness (history)

  20. ccel.org

    John Chrysostom, Homilies on Ephesians, Homily 24 (on Ephesians 6:15), NPNF1 vol. 13 (1889), p. 167. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Gospel Shoes (history)

  21. ccel.org

    John Chrysostom, Homilies on Ephesians, Homily 24 (on Ephesians 6:16), NPNF1 vol. 13 (1889), p. 169. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Shield of Faith (history)

  22. ccel.org

    John Chrysostom, Homilies on Ephesians, Homily 24 (on Ephesians 6:17), NPNF1 vol. 13 (1889), p. 169. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Helmet of Salvation (history)

  23. ccel.org

    John Chrysostom, Homilies on Ephesians, Homily 24 (on Ephesians 6:17), NPNF1 vol. 13 (1889), pp. 167, 169. Public domain.

    The Armoury · The Sword of the Spirit (history)

  24. ccel.org

    John Chrysostom, Homilies on Ephesians, Homily 24 (on Ephesians 6:18), NPNF1 vol. 13 (1889), pp. 168–169. Public domain.

    The Armoury · All Prayer (history)

VI · Read the whole work

The shelves

A quotation is best weighed against the book it came from. These are the principal works the halls quote, each in a complete edition that is free to read and out of copyright. Where we found a second complete edition, it is given too. Read the whole, and judge our excerpts by it.

  1. The King James translators

    The Holy Bible, conteyning the Old Testament, and the New, 1611 (London: Robert Barker)

    A first-issue copy (the “He” Bible) in the Ross Bible Collection of the University of Pennsylvania, shown page by page. It is the same copy whose leaves hang in Gallery Room II. Quoted in The Gallery, Room II.

    Read at Penn Libraries Digital Collections · also at Penn Libraries catalogue record (Folio BS185 1611 .L65) · No Copyright – United States (rights statement given by Penn Libraries)

  2. John Chrysostom

    Homilies on Ephesians, translated in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13 (1889)

    The full series of homilies, in the 1889 English translation edited by Philip Schaff. Homilies 23 and 24 treat the armour of Ephesians 6. Quoted in The Armoury (“Through the centuries: an early witness”).

    Read at Christian Classics Ethereal Library · also at New Advent (Fathers of the Church) · Public domain

  3. John Bunyan (1628–1688)

    The Works of John Bunyan, volumes 1–3, edited by George Offor

    Bunyan’s treatises, each with an introduction and notes by the editor. Bunyan was the nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting and is commonly counted among the Baptists. Quoted in The Catalogue (ten books) and The Armoury.

    Read at Bible Hub Library · also at Project Gutenberg, “Works of John Bunyan — Complete” · Public domain

  4. William Gurnall (1617–1679)

    The Christian in Complete Armour: or, A Treatise on the Saints’ War with the Devil, first published in three parts, 1655–62; this edition 1845 (London: Thomas Tegg)

    The whole treatise in one volume: a course of sermons through Ephesians 6:10–20, taking each piece of the armour in turn, from the girdle of truth to praying always. Gurnall was a Church of England rector, not a Baptist. The second link is a seventeenth-century printing, the first part in its third edition (1658), from a three-volume set. Quoted in the Timeline (William Gurnall’s “The Christian in Complete Armour”, 1655–62).

    Read at Internet Archive (Princeton Theological Seminary Library copy) · also at Internet Archive (1658 printing, Princeton copy) · Public domain

  5. Thomas Helwys

    A shorte declaration of the mistery of iniquity, 1612 (Amsterdam)

    A book by Thomas Helwys, the leader of the first Baptist congregation on English soil, printed at Amsterdam in 1612 (STC 13056). Its title page is dated 1612 and cites Jeremiah 51:6 and Hosea 10:12. The first link is the free Text Creation Partnership transcription of the Bodleian Library copy (112 pages), offered as EPUB, HTML and XML; the second is the Angus Library and Archive at Regent’s Park College, Oxford, which offers page scans of its own copy as three free PDFs. We quote nothing from it here; read it in Helwys’s own early-modern English. Told in the Timeline (Helwys and the church at Spitalfields, 1612).

    Read at Text Creation Partnership (EEBO-TCP transcription, record A02915, CC0) · Public domain (text); transcription CC0

  6. Edward Bean Underhill (1813–1901), editor

    Confessions of Faith, and Other Public Documents, Illustrative of the History of the Baptist Churches of England in the 17th Century, 1854 (London: printed for the Hanserd Knollys Society)

    The English Baptist confessions gathered in one volume: Amsterdam 1611, the Seven Churches of London 1646, Somerset 1656, London 1660, the Orthodox Creed 1678, the Assembly confession of 1688, and the Baptist Catechism, with public documents of 1647–1661. Underhill says his 1611 text is taken from Crosby, as he could not find an original printed copy. Our Timeline quotes its articles 10 and 14. Quoted in the Timeline (Helwys’s Declaration of Faith, 1611).

    Read at Internet Archive (1854; University of Toronto, Robarts Library copy) · also at Internet Archive (1854; Princeton Theological Seminary Library copy) · Public domain

  7. Roger Williams (c. 1603–1683)

    The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience Discussed, and Mr. Cotton’s Letter Examined and Answered, first published 1644; this edition 1848 (London: Hanserd Knollys Society)

    The whole work, in the edition the Hanserd Knollys Society issued to republish early Baptist writers. It is a dialogue between Truth and Peace on whether the magistrate may compel the conscience, with Williams’s answer to John Cotton. Its table of contents lists “The spiritual weapons, 2 Cor. x. 4, discussed” and “The spiritual artillery, Eph. vi., applied”. Williams was not a Baptist when he wrote it: he left the Providence church within months of helping to gather it. The second link is a scan of the 1644 first edition. Quoted in the Timeline (Roger Williams pleads for liberty of conscience: The Bloudy Tenent, 1644).

    Read at Internet Archive (University of Toronto copy of the 1848 edition) · also at Internet Archive (1644 first edition, John Carter Brown Library) · Public domain

  8. Seven Particular Baptist churches in London (William Kiffin and others)

    The Confession of Faith, of those Churches which are commonly (though falsly) called Anabaptists; presented to the view of all that feare God, to examine by the touchstone of the Word of Truth, 1644 (London); second impression, corrected and enlarged, 1646

    The first printing of the founding confession of the Particular Baptists, issued in October 1644 by seven London congregations. This is a page-by-page scan of the Angus Library copy (Regent’s Park College, Oxford). Its title page carries Acts 4:20 as printed there, “Wee cannot but speake the things which wee have seene and heard”, together with Isaiah 8:20 and 2 Corinthians 1:9–10. The corrected and enlarged second impression of 1646 is generally taken as the authoritative text, and a free transcription of it is linked as well. Described in the Timeline (the First London Confession, 1644).

    Read at london1644.info (scans of the Angus Library copies, 1644 and 1646) · also at Text Creation Partnership (EEBO-TCP transcription of the 1646 second impression, CC0) · Public domain (text); transcription CC0

  9. Hercules Collins (1647–1702)

    An Orthodox Catechism: Being the Sum of Christian Religion, Contained in the Law and Gospel, 1680 (London)

    The whole catechism in its 1680 printing: Collins’s edition of the Heidelberg Catechism for the baptized church “Meeting in Old-Gravil-Lane London,” “Published For preventing the Canker and Poison of Heresy and Error.” Its title page bears the words “Search the Scriptures” (John 5:39). Quoted in the Timeline (Hercules Collins, 1680–1702).

    Read at Internet Archive (Early English Books microfilm) · Public domain

  10. John Gill (1697–1771)

    A Complete Body of Doctrinal and Practical Divinity, 1767 (Doctrinal) · 1770 (Practical)

    The systematic theology of the Baptist pastor John Gill: a system of evangelical truths drawn from the Scriptures, first printed as A Body of Doctrinal Divinity (1767) and A Body of Practical Divinity (1770). Two free scans are offered: the 1839 London (Tegg) edition from the Princeton Theological Seminary Library, and the 1810 Philadelphia edition prepared by William Staughton. We quote nothing from it here. Told in the Timeline (John Gill at Horsleydown, 1719).

    Read at Internet Archive (London: T. Tegg, 1839; Princeton Theological Seminary Library) · also at Internet Archive (Philadelphia, 1810; New York Public Library) · Public domain

  11. Hercules Collins (1647–1702)

    A Voice from the Prison: Meditations on Revelation III. XI., 1684 (London: George Larkin, for the Author)

    The whole book in its 1684 printing, “Tending To the Establishment of Gods Little Flock, In an Hour of Temptation,” signed “Prisoner in Newgate.” Its title page cites Hebrews 13:9, “it is a good thing that the heart be established with grace,” and Acts 14:22, “we must through much tribulation enter into the kingdom of God.” Quoted in the Timeline (Hercules Collins, 1680–1702).

    Read at Internet Archive (Early English Books microfilm) · Public domain

  12. The Particular Baptist churches of London and the country

    A Confession of Faith, put forth by the Elders and Brethren of many Congregations of Christians (baptized upon profession of their Faith) in London and the Country, first published 1677, reissued 1689

    A page-by-page facsimile of the fourth edition (London: John Marshall, 1719): the whole confession, all thirty-two chapters. It carries the recommendation of the 1689 general assembly, signed in the name of the assembly by Hanserd Knollys, William Kiffin, Benjamin Keach and others. Quoted in What We Believe (chapter 1, paragraph 1).

    Read at Internet Archive · Public domain

  13. Benjamin Keach (1640–1704)

    Spiritual Melody, Containing near Three Hundred Sacred Hymns, 1691 (London: John Hancock)

    The whole hymnbook in its 1691 printing. Its title page names Keach as “Pastor of the Church of Christ meeting on Horsly-down, Southwark” and bears Colossians 3:16: “Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord.” Described in the Timeline (Benjamin Keach, 1668–1704).

    Read at Internet Archive · Public domain

  14. Joseph Stennett (1663–1713)

    Hymns in Commemoration of the Sufferings of Our Blessed Saviour Jesus Christ. Compos’d for the Celebration of his Holy Supper, 1697 (London: J. Darby, for A. Bell)

    The whole book in its 1697 printing: hymns “Compos’d For the Celebration of his Holy Supper,” “Printed by J. Darby, for Andr. Bell at the Cross-Keys and Bible in Cornhil.” Its title page cites Matthew 26:30, “And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives.” Its title page hangs in the Timeline (Joseph Stennett, 1686–1713).

    Read at Internet Archive (Early English Books microfilm) · Public domain

  15. Edward Terrill and others; edited by E. B. Underhill

    The Records of a Church of Christ, meeting in Broadmead, Bristol, 1640–1687, printed 1847 for the Hanserd Knollys Society

    The church’s own record book, begun by Edward Terrill, printed in full. This is the Cornell University Library copy. Its title page hangs in the Timeline (Dorothy Hazzard and the Broadmead church, 1640).

    Read at Internet Archive · also at Internet Archive (University of Toronto copy) · Public domain (no known copyright restrictions in the United States, as stated by Cornell University Library)

  16. Thomas Crosby (fl. 1740)

    The History of the English Baptists, from the Reformation to the Beginning of the Reign of King George I, 1738–40, four volumes (London: printed for the author)

    The first full history of the English Baptists, by a deacon and schoolmaster of the Baptist church at Horselydown, largely from materials gathered by the minister Benjamin Stinton (d. 1718). Its notices of the early Baptist ministers are its great value; several Timeline entries rest on them through the Dictionary of National Biography, which faults it for not telling the Baptist bodies apart yet judges: “As a mere reciter of events Crosby is trustworthy.” Volume 1 is linked; the other three are scanned separately. We quote nothing from the book here. Quoted in the Timeline (Hercules Collins).

    Read at Internet Archive (vol. 1, 1738 scan; read online or download) · also at Wikisource (Dictionary of National Biography, 1888: “Crosby, Thomas”) · Public domain (Internet Archive: not in copyright)

  17. Joseph Ivimey (1773–1834)

    A History of the English Baptists, 1811–30, four volumes (London: printed for the author)

    A Baptist pastor’s four-volume history, begun in 1809 mainly for its lives of ministers. The Dictionary of National Biography judges that it “contains a great deal of information, to be used with caution,” and records Gould’s charge of “blunders and contradictions.” Volumes 1 and 2 are linked. We quote nothing from the book here. Told in the Timeline (the Baptist Union, 1813, in which Ivimey took part).

    Read at Internet Archive (vol. 1; Princeton Theological Seminary Library copy) · also at Wikisource (Dictionary of National Biography, 1892: “Ivimey, Joseph”) · Public domain (Internet Archive: not in copyright)

  18. The Philadelphia Baptist Association

    The Philadelphia Confession of Faith, adopted 25 September 1742

    The full text of the confession as adopted by the Association. Quoted in The Timeline.

    Read at The Baptist History Homepage · Public domain

  19. John Gill (1697–1771)

    An Exposition of the Old and New Testament, 1746–66

    Gill’s verse-by-verse commentary on every book of the Bible, with his introduction to each. Quoted in The Catalogue (“A Baptist voice”, all 66 books), The Armoury and The Gallery.

    Read at Bible Study Tools · also at Bible Hub · Public domain

  20. Abraham Booth (1734–1806)

    The Reign of Grace, from its Rise, to its Consummation, 1768 (Leeds: Griffith Wright)

    The whole treatise in its first edition, printed at Leeds and sold in London by E. and C. Dilly and G. Keith. Its title page cites Acts 15:11: “But we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they.” Described in the Timeline (Abraham Booth, 1768).

    Read at Internet Archive · also at Internet Archive (a later printing: “The second American Edition”, New York, 1809; Library of Congress copy) · Public domain

  21. Isaac Backus (1724–1806)

    An Appeal to the Public for Religious Liberty, against the Oppressions of the Present Day, 1773 (Boston: John Boyle)

    The whole pamphlet in its first printing, from a copy in the library of Oxford University. Described in the Timeline (Isaac Backus, 1773).

    Read at Internet Archive · also at Internet Archive (a second copy of the 1773 printing, from microfilm) · Public domain

  22. Abraham Booth (1734–1806)

    An Apology for the Baptists, 1778 (London: E. and C. Dilly)

    The whole work in its 1778 printing. Its full title says the Baptists are “vindicated from the imputation of laying an unwarrantable stress on the ordinance of baptism; and against the charge of bigotry in refusing communion at the Lord’s table to pædobaptists.” The title page cites Ephesians 4: “One Lord, one faith, one baptism” (Eph. 4:5). Named in the Timeline (Abraham Booth, 1768).

    Read at Internet Archive · Public domain

  23. The Northamptonshire Baptist Association (letter drawn up by John Ryland, jun.)

    The Nature, Evidences, and Advantages, of Humility, represented in a Circular Letter from the Ministers and Messengers of the Baptist Association, assembled at Nottingham, June 2, 3, 1784, 1784 (12 pages)

    The association’s yearly letter to its churches, with the minutes of the Nottingham meeting. Its postscript is the Prayer Call: one hour of prayer “on the first Monday in every calendar month,” and “Surely we have love enough to Zion to set apart one hour at a time, twelve times in a year, to seek her welfare.” Quoted in the Timeline (the Prayer Call of 1784).

    Read at Internet Archive (British Museum copy, microfilm) · Public domain

  24. Andrew Fuller (1754–1815)

    The Complete Works of Rev. Andrew Fuller, vol. III: Expositions; Miscellaneous, 1845 (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society)

    The third volume of Fuller’s works, which prints his Circular Letters to the Northamptonshire Association, 1782–1815. The first, on the grace of hope (1782), calls that hope “a helmet in your spiritual warfare”. Quoted in the Timeline (Andrew Fuller on the grace of hope, 1782).

    Read at Internet Archive (Princeton Theological Seminary copy) · also at Baptist History Homepage (transcription of the 1782 letter) · Public domain

  25. Andrew Fuller (1754–1815)

    The Complete Works of Rev. Andrew Fuller, with a Memoir of his Life, vol. I, 1845 (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society)

    The first volume of the Philadelphia edition, with the memoir by his son Andrew Gunton Fuller and the Sermons and Sketches. Sermon V, “[Preached before the Baptist Association at St. Albans, June 1, 1796.]”, calls the Scriptures “the oracles of God” and warns that truth will not prove “a girdle to our loins in the day of battle” unless we know it deeply. Quoted in the Timeline (Andrew Fuller at St Albans, 1796).

    Read at Internet Archive · also at Internet Archive (London 1846 edition, University of Toronto copy) · Public domain

  26. Andrew Fuller (1754–1815)

    The Gospel of Christ Worthy of All Acceptation, 1785 (Northampton: T. Dicey)

    The whole treatise in its first edition. Described in the Timeline (Andrew Fuller, 1785).

    Read at Internet Archive · also at Internet Archive (Fuller’s later text: the “third edition, with corrections and additions”, Philadelphia, 1805) · Public domain

  27. The Northamptonshire Baptist Association (outlines drawn up by Andrew Fuller; signed by John Ryland, jun., moderator)

    An Enquiry into the Causes of Declension in Religion, with the Means of Revival; being the Circular Letter from the Ministers and Messengers of the Baptist Association, assembled at Oakham, May 17, 18, 1785, 1785 (8 pages)

    The association’s yearly letter, a year after the Prayer Call, with the minutes of the Oakham meeting. It reports that the monthly prayer meetings “have been carried on”, and the minutes record: “It was resolved, without any hesitation, to continue the meetings of prayer on the first Monday evening in every kalendar month.” Quoted in the Timeline (the Prayer Call kept, 1785).

    Read at Internet Archive (British Museum copy, microfilm) · Public domain

  28. Samuel Medley the younger (1769–1857), of his father Samuel Medley (1738–1799)

    Memoirs of the late Rev. Samuel Medley, compiled by his son: to which are annexed two sermons, and a variety of miscellaneous pieces in verse, 1800 (London: J. Johnson)

    The whole memoir of the Liverpool Baptist pastor and hymn-writer, with two of his sermons and his verse. The title page says only “compiled by his son”; the Dictionary of National Biography names the son as Samuel Medley the painter. Its dates for his joining Andrew Gifford’s church, his ordination at Watford and his arrival at Liverpool are the ones the Timeline gives. Quoted in the Timeline (Samuel Medley comes to Liverpool, 1772).

    Read at Internet Archive (1800 edition, Eighteenth Century Collections microfilm) · Public domain

  29. John Rippon (1751–1836)

    A Selection of Hymns from the Best Authors, intended to be an Appendix to Dr. Watts’s Psalms and Hymns, first published 1787; this printing 1792

    The whole collection in its “First American Edition” (New York: William Durell, 1792). The first London printing of 1787 was not found online, so this is the earliest complete printing linked here. Hymn 128 is “How firm a foundation, ye saints of the Lord.” Quoted in the Timeline (Rippon’s Selection, 1787).

    Read at Internet Archive (Princeton Theological Seminary Library copy) · also at Internet Archive (another 1792 American printing: Elizabeth Town, Shepard Kollock; Princeton copy) · Public domain

  30. The Northamptonshire Baptist Association (substance drawn up by “brother Hopper”; signed by Robert Hall, moderator)

    The Nature and Importance of Family and Closet Religion, considered in a Circular Letter from the Baptist Ministers and Messengers, assembled at Leicester, May 29, 30, and 31, 1787, 1787 (8 pages)

    The association’s yearly letter, on prayer in the family and the closet, with the minutes of the Leicester meeting. It closes “praying always, with ALL PRAYER”, and the minutes record: “That the monthly prayer-meetings, for the revival of religion, be continued.” Quoted in the Timeline (the Prayer Call continued, 1787).

    Read at Internet Archive (British Museum copy, microfilm) · Public domain

  31. John Fawcett the younger, of his father John Fawcett (1740–1817)

    An Account of the Life, Ministry, and Writings of the late Rev. John Fawcett, D.D., who was minister of the Gospel fifty-four years, first at Wainsgate, and afterwards at Hebdenbridge, in the parish of Halifax, 1818 (London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy; Halifax: P. K. Holden)

    The life of the Wainsgate pastor who wrote “Blest be the tie that binds”, drawn, as the title page says, from his diary, his correspondence and other papers. It was published without an author’s name; the Dictionary of National Biography gives it as “by his son”. Its title page carries Hebrews 13:7–8. The Timeline quotes its account of the call to London in 1772 that Fawcett declined. Quoted in the Timeline (John Fawcett of Wainsgate and “Blest be the tie that binds”, 1782).

    Read at Internet Archive (1818 edition) · Public domain

  32. William Carey

    An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens, 1792

    The complete text of the pamphlet that preceded the founding of the Baptist Missionary Society. Quoted in The Timeline.

    Read at Project Gutenberg · Public domain in the USA (as stated by Project Gutenberg)

  33. Joshua Thomas (1719–1797)

    A History of the Baptist Association in Wales, from the Year 1650, to the Year 1790, 1795 (London: Dilly, Button, and Thomas)

    The whole history, year by year, of the Welsh Baptist association meetings. A note in the book says it “was printed in the Baptist Register, only a sheet at a time occasionally,” from 1791 to 1795. Under 1730, at Hengoed, it gives the words the Timeline quotes: “There were very warm debates upon general redemption, and other articles connected with it. Mr. E. Francis, it has been said, had work enough to moderate some tempers.” Quoted in the Timeline (Enoch Francis, 1707–1740).

    Read at Internet Archive (Cornell University Library copy) · also at Internet Archive (microfilm copy) · Public domain

  34. William Carey, Joshua Marshman, William Ward and the brethren at Serampore (written out by Ward); printed in George Smith (1833–1919)

    Form of Agreement respecting the Great Principles upon which the Brethren of the Mission at Serampore think it their duty to act in the work of instructing the Heathen, agreed 7 October 1805; this text 1885 (London: John Murray), appendix

    The covenant the Serampore missionaries agreed “on Monday, October 7, 1805”, printed that year at the Brethren’s Press and read publicly at every station three times a year. It sets “an infinite value upon immortal souls”, presses the translation of the Scriptures, and names “Prayer, secret, fervent, believing prayer” as the root of all personal godliness. Its last article bids the brethren “bear hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ” (after 2 Timothy 2:3). George Smith printed it whole in his 1885 Life of Carey and says it was “written out by the fervent pen of Ward”. Quoted in the Timeline (The Serampore Form of Agreement, 1805).

    Read at Internet Archive (1885 John Murray edition, Princeton Theological Seminary Library; the Form is the appendix) · also at ABWE (modernised-spelling reprint of the same appendix) · Public domain

  35. Robert Baylor Semple (1769–1831)

    A History of the Rise and Progress of the Baptists in Virginia, 1810 (Richmond: published by the author; John O. Lynch, printer)

    A Virginia pastor’s history of the Baptists of his state, church by church and association by association. Semple was pastor of Bruington Church, King and Queen County, from 1790 until his death. The Library of Virginia says the book “quickly became a historical standard, the main source for many subsequent accounts” of how Virginia’s Baptists came through their early persecution. We quote nothing from the book here. Told in the Timeline (preachers jailed at Fredericksburg, 1768).

    Read at Internet Archive (1810 first edition; Princeton Theological Seminary Library copy) · also at Library of Virginia (Index of Virginia Printing: “Rev. Robert Baylor Semple, D.D.”) · Public domain (Princeton Theological Commons: No Copyright – United States)

  36. Andrew Fuller (1754–1815)

    The Complete Works of the Rev. Andrew Fuller, with a Memoir of his Life, 1846 (London: G. and J. Dyer)

    The London edition of Fuller’s works, with a memoir by his son Andrew Gunton Fuller. Among its Fugitive Pieces is Importance of a Lively Faith, especially in Missionary Undertakings, “[Written in 1799.]”, which sets “the sword of the Spirit” against “the temporal sword”. Quoted in the Timeline (Andrew Fuller on a lively faith, 1799).

    Read at Internet Archive (University of Toronto copy) · also at Internet Archive (Philadelphia 1845 edition, vol. III) · Public domain

  37. Francis Wayland (1796–1865)

    The Moral Dignity of the Missionary Enterprise: a Sermon, preached 1823; this printing 1824 (Boston: James Loring, third edition)

    The whole sermon, “delivered before the Boston Baptist Foreign Mission Society on the Evening of October 26, and before the Salem Bible Translation Society on the Evening of November 4, 1823,” by “F. Wayland, Jun. Pastor of the First Baptist Church in Boston.” Its text is Matthew 13:38, “The field is the world.” Quoted in the Timeline (Francis Wayland, 1823–1865).

    Read at Internet Archive · Public domain

  38. Francis Mason (1799–1874); revised by H. J. Ripley

    The Karen Apostle: or, Memoir of Ko Thah-byu, the First Karen Convert, with Notices concerning his Nation, 1843 (Boston: Gould, Kendall and Lincoln), first American edition

    The memoir of the first Karen believer, written by the missionary who knew him and sent to America for publication; Professor Ripley of Newton Theological Seminary saw it through the press. It prints Judson’s description of him and George Dana Boardman’s journal for his baptism at Tavoy on 16 May 1828. The second link is a Harvard copy of the same edition. Quoted in the Timeline (Ko Thah-byu, the first Karen believer baptised at Tavoy, 1828).

    Read at Internet Archive (Wellcome Collection copy; Public Domain Mark) · also at Internet Archive (Harvard copy, 1843) · Public domain

  39. Richard Fuller (1804–1876) and Francis Wayland (1796–1865)

    Domestic Slavery Considered as a Scriptural Institution: in a Correspondence between the Rev. Richard Fuller, of Beaufort, S.C., and the Rev. Francis Wayland, of Providence, R.I., 1845 (New York: Lewis Colby; Boston: Gould, Kendall and Lincoln)

    The whole correspondence, “revised and corrected by the authors.” Two Baptist ministers argue the question in print: Fuller defends slavery as sanctioned by Scripture, and Wayland answers that holding a man in slavery is “wrong, utterly and absolutely at variance with the relations which God has established between his moral and intelligent creatures.” Quoted in the Timeline (Francis Wayland, 1823–1865).

    Read at Internet Archive · Public domain

  40. Emily C. Judson (1817–1854)

    Memoir of Sarah B. Judson, of the American Mission to Burmah, first published 1848; this printing 1850 (New York: Lewis Colby)

    The life of Sarah Hall Boardman Judson, who stayed at Tavoy after George Dana Boardman’s death and later served at Maulmain, written by Adoniram Judson’s third wife and including his own notice of Sarah’s death at St Helena in 1845. The second link is the 1849 printing from Princeton Theological Seminary Library. Quoted in the Timeline (Sarah Boardman Judson: the widow who stayed, 1831).

    Read at Internet Archive (University of California copy, 1850 printing) · also at Internet Archive (Princeton Theological Seminary Library copy, 1849 printing) · Public domain

  41. Francis Wayland (1796–1865)

    A Memoir of the Life and Labors of the Rev. Adoniram Judson, D.D., 1853 (Boston: Phillips, Sampson, and Company), in two volumes

    The whole life of the missionary to Burma, compiled, as Wayland’s preface says, “in compliance with the request of the Executive Committee of the American Baptist Missionary Union, and of the widow of the late Dr. Judson.” Its title page bears the words “To preach the gospel in the regions beyond” (2 Corinthians 10:16). Named in the Timeline (Francis Wayland, 1823–1865).

    Read at Internet Archive (vol. I) · also at Internet Archive (vol. II) · Public domain

  42. Francis Mason (1799–1874)

    The Story of a Working Man’s Life … in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, as related by himself, 1870 (New York: Oakley, Mason & Co.)

    Mason’s own life, opening with a letter to the members of the American Baptist Missionary Union, with an introduction by William R. Williams. The chapter “Translation of the Karen Bible” tells how he wrote out the whole Old Testament in Sgaw Karen with his own hand and sent the last copy to press in 1853. The second link is another copy of the same edition. Quoted in the Timeline (Francis Mason and the Sgaw Karen Bible, 1853).

    Read at Internet Archive (1870 edition) · also at Internet Archive (University of California copy, 1870) · Public domain

  43. Francis Wayland (1796–1865)

    Notes on the Principles and Practices of Baptist Churches, 1857 (New York: Sheldon, Blakeman & Co.)

    The whole book: papers that first “appeared in The Examiner, over the signature of ‘Roger Williams.’” Wayland’s preface gives its aim: “to present a popular view of the distinctive belief of the Baptist denomination, and to urge upon his brethren a practice in harmony with their profession.” Named in the Timeline (Francis Wayland, 1823–1865).

    Read at Internet Archive (Princeton Theological Seminary copy) · also at Internet Archive (Library of Congress copy) · Public domain

  44. John L. Dagg (1794–1884)

    Manual of Theology: a Treatise on Christian Doctrine, 1857; this printing 1871 (American Baptist Publication Society)

    The doctrinal manual of the former president of Mercer University, with 1 Timothy 6:3 on its title page. The first link is the printing the Timeline quotes from. The second is the 1859 Charleston printing of the Southern Baptist Publication Society, which binds the work in two parts, “Christian Doctrine” and “Church Order”, and is entered for copyright in 1857. Quoted in the Timeline (John L. Dagg and the Manual of Theology, 1857).

    Read at Internet Archive (Library of Congress copy, 1871 printing) · also at Internet Archive (Princeton Theological Seminary Library copy, 1859) · Public domain

  45. C. H. Spurgeon (1834–1892)

    The Shield of Faith: a sermon on Ephesians 6:16 (The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, No. 416), preached 27 October 1861

    Spurgeon’s Sunday-morning sermon on the shield of faith, eight printed pages. Faith, he says, “is an armour for his armour”: it guards the girdle and the breastplate, and “faith alone, out of all the pieces of armour, is able to quench all the darts.” The Spurgeon Library gives both a transcription and a scan of the original printing. Quoted in the Timeline (Spurgeon’s “The Shield of Faith”, 1861) and the Armoury (the Shield and the Breastplate).

    Read at The Spurgeon Library (Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) · also at The Spurgeon Library (scan of the original printing) · Public domain

  46. C. H. Spurgeon (1834–1892)

    The Sword of the Spirit: a sermon on Ephesians 6:17 (The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, No. 2,201), preached 19 April 1891

    Spurgeon’s Lord’s-day morning sermon on the sword of the Spirit, twelve printed pages. The Word of God is the Spirit’s one weapon, “all edge”, and “the regulation sword in Christ’s army”; “‘It is written’ is his master-stroke.” The Spurgeon Library gives both a transcription and a scan of the original printing. Quoted in the Timeline (Spurgeon’s “The Sword of the Spirit”, 1891) and the Armoury (the Sword).

    Read at The Spurgeon Library (Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) · also at The Spurgeon Library (scan of the original printing) · Public domain

  47. C. H. Spurgeon (1834–1892)

    Shoes for Pilgrims and Warriors: a sermon on Ephesians 6:15 (The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, No. 3,143), published 6 May 1909

    Spurgeon’s sermon on the gospel shoes, nine printed pages, followed by his short exposition of Ephesians 6:10–24. It first examines the shoes (peace with God, with conscience and with all men) and then tries them on: “Real gospel, really believed, means real peace.” The Spurgeon Library gives both a transcription and a scan of the 1909 printing. Quoted in the Timeline (Spurgeon’s “Shoes for Pilgrims and Warriors”, 1909) and the Armoury (the Gospel Shoes, and the reading on each piece).

    Read at The Spurgeon Library (Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) · also at The Spurgeon Library (scan of the 1909 printing) · Public domain

  48. C. H. Spurgeon (1834–1892)

    The Christian’s Helmet: a sermon on 1 Thessalonians 5:8 (The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, No. 3,167), preached 1866; published 21 October 1909

    Spurgeon’s sermon on the helmet of salvation. It calls the believer a soldier who must look to his head, then describes the helmet: a hope given freely by God, made by the Holy Spirit, of good metal, and “a helmet which will not come off”. The Spurgeon Library gives the original wording; Spurgeon Gems gives a modernised edition with his short exposition of 1 Thessalonians 5. Quoted in the Timeline (Spurgeon’s “The Christian’s Helmet”, 1866) and the Armoury (the Helmet of Salvation).

    Read at The Spurgeon Library (Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) · also at Spurgeon Gems (modernised edition) · Public domain

  49. C. H. Spurgeon (1834–1892)

    Sermons: The New Park Street Pulpit and The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, printed from 1855

    Spurgeon’s printed sermons, searchable by title, text and topic. Quoted in The Catalogue, The Armoury and The Gallery.

    Read at The Spurgeon Library (Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) · also at Christian Classics Ethereal Library (volume 1, 1855, and following) · Public domain

  50. C. H. Spurgeon (1834–1892)

    Morning and Evening: Daily Readings

    A short reading on a verse of Scripture for every morning and evening of the year. Quoted in The Catalogue.

    Read at Christian Classics Ethereal Library · also at Blue Letter Bible · Public domain

  51. C. H. Spurgeon (1834–1892)

    The Treasury of David, 1869–85

    Spurgeon’s commentary on the Book of Psalms, psalm by psalm. Quoted in The Catalogue (Psalms) and The Timeline.

    Read at Blue Letter Bible · also at Christian Classics Ethereal Library (volume I) · Public domain

  52. Various writers

    Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900

    The full dictionary, transcribed volume by volume. Many Timeline entries quote its articles. Quoted in The Timeline.

    Read at Wikisource · Public domain

  53. M. G. Easton

    Illustrated Bible Dictionary, 3rd edition, 1897

    The whole dictionary, arranged by headword. Quoted in The Catalogue (“About this book”, all 66 books).

    Read at Wikisource · also at Christian Classics Ethereal Library · Public domain

  54. George W. Truett

    Baptists and Religious Liberty, delivered 16 May 1920

    The full address, as printed in 1920. Quoted in The Timeline.

    Read at The Reformed Reader · Public domain in the United States

  55. John Bunyan (1628–1688)

    The Pilgrim’s Progress from this World to that which is to Come, Part I, first published 1678

    Bunyan, nonconformist pastor of the Bedford meeting and commonly counted among the Baptists, has the pilgrim taken “into the armoury”, shown “sword, shield, helmet, breastplate, ALL-PRAYER, and shoes that would not wear out”, and harnessed. In the Valley of the Shadow he puts up his sword for “another weapon called All-prayer”, Eph. 6:18 in the margin. The second link spells it “armory”. Quoted in the Armoury (the whole armour of Ephesians 6:11–18).

    Read at Project Gutenberg (eBook #131) · also at Christian Classics Ethereal Library · Public domain

  56. Benjamin Keach (1640–1704)

    War with the Devil: or, the Young-Man’s Conflict with the Powers of Darkness. In a Dialogue, 1737 (London: John Clarke), the twentieth impression; first printed in the 1670s

    The London Baptist pastor’s dialogue between a young man and his conscience, “discovering the corruption and vanity of youth”, the nature of sin and “the nature of true conversion”. Its title page carries Psalm 119:9, “Wherewithal shall a young man cleanse his way? by taking heed thereto according to thy word.” This is the twentieth impression, with the appendix of a dialogue between an old apostate and a young professor. Later printings were revised “by another hand”, so this is the one to cite as Keach’s own text. Quoted in the Timeline (Benjamin Keach, 1668–1704).

    Read at Internet Archive (1737 edition, Eighteenth Century Collections microfilm) · also at Wellcome Collection (catalogue record of the same printing) · Public domain

  57. James Petigru Boyce (1827–1888)

    Abstract of Systematic Theology, 1887 (Baltimore: H. M. Wharton & Company); first printed privately 1882

    A textbook of doctrine by the founder of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Its 1887 title page calls it the “second printed, but first published edition”; its preface says it is a reprint, much enlarged, of a book printed privately in 1882 for his students. Two free scans are offered: the 1887 edition from the Princeton Theological Seminary Library, and the 1882 student printing (Louisville: Chas. T. Dearing) from the Library of Congress. We quote nothing from it here. Told in the Timeline (the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1859).

    Read at Internet Archive (Baltimore, 1887; Princeton Theological Seminary Library) · also at Internet Archive (Louisville: Dearing, 1882; Library of Congress) · Public domain

  58. John Albert Broadus (1827–1895)

    A Catechism of Bible Teaching, 1892 (American Baptist Publication Society)

    A catechism for the young in fifteen lessons, from “God” to “The Future Life”, each with harder “advanced questions”. Of Scripture it answers: “The Bible is our only and all-sufficient rule of faith and practice.” It closes with “Passages for Learning by Heart”, and among them sets Ephesians 6:10–20, the whole armour of God. Two free transcriptions are offered; they agree word for word on what we quote. No free scan of the 1892 printing has been verified, so none is linked. Told in the Timeline (John A. Broadus, a teacher of preachers).

    Read at The Reformed Reader (transcription, with the advanced questions) · also at Baptist History Homepage (transcription, ed. Jim Duvall) · Public domain

  59. John Albert Broadus (1827–1895)

    A Treatise on the Preparation and Delivery of Sermons, 1870 (Philadelphia: Smith, English; New York: Sheldon & Co.)

    The book on preaching written by the professor of homiletics at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (it is the 1870 book named in his Timeline entry); the Baptist Encyclopedia (1881) notes it was “republished in England”. A free scan of the 1870 first edition (526 pages), from the Princeton Theological Seminary copy, is offered; we quote nothing from the book itself here. Told in the Timeline (John A. Broadus, a teacher of preachers).

    Read at Theological Commons, Princeton Theological Seminary (1870 scan; read online or PDF) · Public domain (No Copyright – United States)

  60. Edward Thurston Hiscox (1814–1901)

    The Baptist Church Directory, 1859 (New York: Sheldon & Company; Boston: Gould & Lincoln)

    A guide to the doctrines and discipline, officers and ordinances, and principles and practices of Baptist churches, written by the pastor of the Stanton Street Baptist Church, New York. It prints the New Hampshire Confession of Faith, which it says was “extensively adopted by the churches North and East”, while the Philadelphia Confession was in general use in the South. A free scan of the 1859 first edition is offered; we quote nothing else from it here. Told in the Timeline (the New Hampshire Confession, 1833).

    Read at Internet Archive (1859; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign copy) · Public domain

  61. David Benedict (1779–1874)

    A General History of the Baptist Denomination in America and Other Parts of the World, 1848 (New York: Lewis Colby)

    The great early survey of Baptist churches, associations and ministers, by a Baptist pastor and historian; our Timeline entry on the Welsh Tract Church is drawn from it. A free scan of the 1848 New York edition is offered, with the Delaware chapter (the one we cite) as a clean web text. We quote nothing from the book here. Told in the Timeline (The Welsh Tract Church).

    Read at Internet Archive (1848 scan; read online or download) · also at Reformed Reader (web text of the Delaware chapter) · Public domain (Internet Archive: not in copyright)

  62. William Cathcart, D.D. (editor)

    The Baptist Encyclopedia, 1881, two volumes (Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts)

    A one-work library of Baptist biography, doctrine, confessions and history, edited by a Philadelphia pastor. Its preface states the aim: “sketches of distinguished Baptists everywhere, living and dead.” It is written from a Baptist standpoint, so its claims about early Baptist origins are the editor’s own conviction, not ours. The Timeline draws on it. Volumes 1 and 2 are linked. Told in the Timeline (The Philadelphia Confession of Faith).

    Read at Internet Archive (vol. 1) · also at Internet Archive (vol. 2) · Public domain (published 1881)

Acts 17:11 · KJV

“…and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so.”

This room is here so that nothing in the museum need be taken on trust.

Method

This reading room lists 1000 citations. It is assembled automatically from the museum’s records each time it is opened, so it always matches the halls. Where a source is itself a reference work, such as an encyclopaedia or Wikipedia, the entry’s note names the scholarship that work cites, so that a reader may go further back. Where historians disagree, the entry says so. If you find an error, it will be corrected.